Difference between revisions of "LPIC-1 Objectives V3(RU)"

Revision as of 19:13, 18 September 2010 (view source) Utking (Talk | contribs) (→‎Информаци о версии) ← Older edit		Revision as of 19:19, 18 September 2010 (view source) Utking (Talk | contribs) (→‎104.7 Find system files and place files in the correct location) Newer edit →
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−	====<span style="color:navy">104.7 Find system files and place files in the correct location</span>====	+	====<span style="color:navy">104.7 Поиск системных файлов и размещение правильное размещение файлов</span>====
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	| style="background:#dadada; padding-right:1em" | '''Description'''		| style="background:#dadada; padding-right:1em" | '''Description'''
−	| style="background:#eaeaea" | Candidates should be thoroughly familiar with the Filesystem Hierarchy Standard (FHS), including typical file locations and directory classifications.	+	| style="background:#eaeaea" | Кандидаты должны быть хорошо знакомы с Стандартной Иерархией Файловой системы (FHS), включая классификации типичных расположений файлов и директорий (папок) .
	|}		|}
	'''Ключевые знания:'''		'''Ключевые знания:'''
−	* Understand the correct locations of files under the FHS.	+	* Понимание корректных мест расположения файлов в системе (FHS)
−	* Find files and commands on a Linux system.	+	* Уметь искать файлы и команды в Linux-системе
−	* Know the location and purpose of important file and directories as defined in the FHS.	+	* Знать расположение и предназначение важных файлов и директорий, описанных в FHS
−	'''The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:'''	+	'''Ниже приведен краткий список используемых файлов, терминов и инструментов: '''
	* find		* find
	* locate		* locate

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Revision as of 19:19, 18 September 2010

Введение

Данный экзамен является наобходимым для прохождения сертификации LPIC-1 или LPI Уровня 1. В статье описываются основные навыки Linux-профессионала, которые применимы ко всем дистрибутивам Linux.

Эта страница описывает актуальные в настоящий момент темы экзамена LPIC-1

Информаци о версии

Версия 3.0.2.

Темы: Экзамен 101

Тема 101: Системная архитектура

101.1 Определение и конфигурирование настроек оборудования

Weight	2
Description	Кандидаты должны быть в состоянии определять и конфигурировать осноное системное оборудование.

Описание ключевых навыков:

 Экзаменуемый должен знать и уметь...

• Подключать и отключать встроенное периферийное оборудование.
• Конфигурировать системы с внешним периферийным оборудованием (таким как клавиатуры), или без него.
• Знать отличия между различными типами устройств хранения информации.
• Устанавливать правильный идентификатор для различных устройств, в особенности для загрузочных.
• Знать отличия между "холодным" и "горячим" подключением и отключением устройств.
• Определять ресурсы, необходимые для настройки устройств
• Знать инструменты и утилиты, используемые для получения различной информации об оборудовании (например, lsusb, lspci и т.д.)
• Знать инструменты и утилиты для манипуляции USB-устройствами
• Иметь концептуальное понимание sysfs, udev, hald, dbus

Ниже приведен краткий список используемых файлов, терминов и инструментов:

• /sys
• /proc
• /dev
• modprobe
• lsmod
• lspci
• lsusb

101.2 Загрузка системы

Weight	3
Description	Кандидаты должны быть в состоянии "провести" систему через процесс загрузки.

Ключевые знания:

• Provide common commands to the boot loader and options to the kernel at boot time.
• Demonstrate knowledge of the boot sequence from BIOS to boot completion.
• Check boot events in the log files.

Ниже приведен краткий список используемых файлов, терминов и инструментов:

• /var/log/messages
• dmesg
• BIOS
• bootloader
• kernel
• init

101.3 Изменение уровней загрузки (runlevels), выключение или перезагрузка системы

Weight	3
Description	Candidates should be able to manage the runlevel of the system. This objective includes changing to single user mode, shutdown or rebooting the system. Candidates should be able to alert users before switching run level and properly terminate processes. This objective also includes setting the default run level.

Ключевые знания:

• Установка уровня загрузки по умолчанию.
• Переключение между уровнями загрузки, включая однопользовательский режим
• Выключенные и перезагрузка из командной строки.
• Предупреждение пользователей перед изменением уровней загрузки или перед другим важным системным событием.
• Корректное завершение процессов.

Ниже приведен краткий список используемых файлов, терминов и инструментов:

• /etc/inittab
• shutdown
• init
• /etc/init.d
• telinit

Topic 102: Установка Linux и управление пакетами

102.1 Строение жестких дисков

Weight	2
Description	Кандидаты должны быть в состоянии построить схему разбиения диска для Linux-системы.

Ключевые знания:

• Allocate filesystems and swap space to separate partitions or disks.
• Tailor the design to the intended use of the system.
• Ensure the /boot partition conforms to the hardware architecture requirements for booting.

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

• / (root) filesystem
• /var filesystem
• /home filesystem
• swap space
• mount points
• partitions

102.2 Install a boot manager

Weight	2
Description	Candidates should be able to select, install and configure a boot manager.

Ключевые знания:

• Providing alternative boot locations and backup boot options.
• Install and configure a boot loader such as GRUB.
• Interact with the boot loader.

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

• /boot/grub/menu.lst
• grub-install
• MBR
• superblock
• /etc/lilo.conf
• lilo

102.3 Manage shared libraries

Weight	1
Description	Candidates should be able to determine the shared libraries that executable programs depend on and install them when necessary.

Ключевые знания:

• Identify shared libraries.
• Identify the typical locations of system libraries.
• Load shared libraries.

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

• ldd
• ldconfig
• /etc/ld.so.conf
• LD_LIBRARY_PATH

102.4 Use Debian package management

Weight	3
Description	Candidates should be able to perform package management using the Debian package tools.

Ключевые знания:

• Install, upgrade and uninstall Debian binary packages.
• Find packages containing specific files or libraries which may or may not be installed.
• Obtain package information like version, content, dependencies, package integrity and installation status (whether or not the package is installed).

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

• /etc/apt/sources.list
• dpkg
• dpkg-reconfigure
• apt-get
• apt-cache
• aptitude

102.5 Use RPM and YUM package management

Weight	3
Description	Candidates should be able to perform package management using RPM and YUM tools.

Ключевые знания:

• Install, re-install, upgrade and remove packages using RPM and YUM.
• Obtain information on RPM packages such as version, status, dependencies, integrity and signatures.
• Determine what files a package provides, as well as find which package a specific file comes from.

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

• rpm
• rpm2cpio
• /etc/yum.conf
• /etc/yum.repos.d/
• yum
• yumdownloader

Topic 103: GNU and Unix Commands

103.1 Work on the command line

Weight	4
Description	Candidates should be able to interact with shells and commands using the command line. The objective assumes the bash shell.

Ключевые знания:

• Use single shell commands and one line command sequences to perform basic tasks on the command line.
• Use and modify the shell environment including defining, referencing and exporting environment variables.
• Use and edit command history.
• Invoke commands inside and outside the defined path.

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

• .
• bash
• echo
• env
• exec
• export
• pwd
• set
• unset
• man
• uname
• history

103.2 Process text streams using filters

Weight	3
Description	Candidates should should be able to apply filters to text streams.

Ключевые знания:

• Send text files and output streams through text utility filters to modify the output using standard UNIX commands found in the GNU textutils package.

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

• cat
• cut
• expand
• fmt
• head
• od
• join
• nl
• paste
• pr
• sed
• sort
• split
• tail
• tr
• unexpand
• uniq
• wc

103.3 Perform basic file management

Weight	4
Description	Candidates should be able to use the basic Linux commands to manage files and directories.

Ключевые знания:

• Copy, move and remove files and directories individually.
• Copy multiple files and directories recursively.
• Remove files and directories recursively.
• Use simple and advanced wildcard specifications in commands.
• Using find to locate and act on files based on type, size, or time.
• Usage of tar, cpio and dd.

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

• cp
• find
• mkdir
• mv
• ls
• rm
• rmdir
• touch
• tar
• cpio
• dd
• file
• gzip
• gunzip
• bzip2
• file globbing

103.4 Use streams, pipes and redirects

Weight	4
Description	Candidates should be able to redirect streams and connect them in order to efficiently process textual data. Tasks include redirecting standard input, standard output and standard error, piping the output of one command to the input of another command, using the output of one command as arguments to another command and sending output to both stdout and a file.

Ключевые знания:

• Redirecting standard input, standard output and standard error.
• Pipe the output of one command to the input of another command.
• Use the output of one command as arguments to another command.
• Send output to both stdout and a file.

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

• tee
• xargs

103.5 Create, monitor and kill processes

Weight	4
Description	Candidates should be able to perform basic process management.

Ключевые знания:

• Run jobs in the foreground and background.
• Signal a program to continue running after logout.
• Monitor active processes.
• Select and sort processes for display.
• Send signals to processes.

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

• &
• bg
• fg
• jobs
• kill
• nohup
• ps
• top
• free
• uptime
• killall

103.6 Modify process execution priorities

Weight	2
Description	Candidates should should be able to manage process execution priorities.

Ключевые знания:

• Know the default priority of a job that is created.
• Run a program with higher or lower priority than the default..
• Change the priority of a running process.

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

• nice
• ps
• renice
• top

103.7 Search text files using regular expressions

Weight	2
Description	Candidates should be able to manipulate files and text data using regular expressions. This objective includes creating simple regular expressions containing several notational elements. It also includes using regular expression tools to perform searches through a filesystem or file content.

Ключевые знания:

• Create simple regular expressions containing several notational elements.
• Use regular expression tools to perform searches through a filesystem or file content.

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

• grep
• egrep
• fgrep
• sed
• regex(7)

103.8 Perform basic file editing operations using vi

Weight	3
Description	Candidates should be able to edit text files using vi. This objective includes vi navigation, basic vi modes, inserting, editing, deleting, copying and finding text.

Ключевые знания:

• Navigate a document using vi.
• Use basic vi modes.
• Insert, edit, delete, copy and find text.

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

• vi
• /, ?
• h,j,k,l
• i, o, a
• c, d, p, y, dd, yy
• ZZ, :w!, :q!, :e!

Topic 104: Devices, Linux Filesystems, Filesystem Hierarchy Standard

104.1 Create partitions and filesystems

Weight	2
Description	Candidates should be able to configure disk partitions and then create filesystems on media such as hard disks. This includes the handling of swap partitions.

Ключевые знания:

• Use various mkfs commands to set up partitions and create various filesystems such as:
  • ext2
  • ext3
  • xfs
  • reiserfs v3
  • vfat

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

• fdisk
• mkfs
• mkswap

104.2 Maintain the integrity of filesystems

Weight	2
Description	Candidates should be able to maintain a standard filesystem, as well as the extra data associated with a journaling filesystem.

Ключевые знания:

• Verify the integrity of filesystems.
• Monitor free space and inodes.
• Repair simple filesystem problems.

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

• du
• df
• fsck
• e2fsck
• mke2fs
• debugfs
• dumpe2fs
• tune2fs
• xfs tools (such as xfs_metadump and xfs_info)

104.3 Control mounting and unmounting of filesystems

Weight	3
Description	Candidates should be able to configure the mounting of a filesystem.

Ключевые знания:

• Manually mount and unmount filesystems.
• Configure filesystem mounting on bootup.
• Configure user mountable removable filesystems.

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

• /etc/fstab
• /media
• mount
• umount

104.4 Manage disk quotas

Weight	1
Description	Candidates should be able to manage disk quotas for users.

Ключевые знания:

• Set up a disk quota for a filesystem.
• Edit, check and generate user quota reports.

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

• quota
• edquota
• repquota
• quotaon

104.5 Manage file permissions and ownership

Weight	3
Description	Candidates should be able to control file access through the proper use of permissions and ownerships.

Ключевые знания:

• Manage access permissions on regular and special files as well as directories.
• Use access modes such as suid, sgid and the sticky bit to maintain security.
• Know how to change the file creation mask.
• Use the group field to grant file access to group members.

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

• chmod
• umask
• chown
• chgrp

104.6 Create and change hard and symbolic links

Weight	2
Description	Candidates should be able to create and manage hard and symbolic links to a file.

Ключевые знания:

• Create links.
• Identify hard and/or soft links.
• Copying versus linking files.
• Use links to support system administration tasks.

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

• ln

104.7 Поиск системных файлов и размещение правильное размещение файлов

Weight	2
Description	Кандидаты должны быть хорошо знакомы с Стандартной Иерархией Файловой системы (FHS), включая классификации типичных расположений файлов и директорий (папок) .

Ключевые знания:

• Понимание корректных мест расположения файлов в системе (FHS)
• Уметь искать файлы и команды в Linux-системе
• Знать расположение и предназначение важных файлов и директорий, описанных в FHS

Ниже приведен краткий список используемых файлов, терминов и инструментов:

• find
• locate
• updatedb
• whereis
• which
• type
• /etc/updatedb.conf