Difference between revisions of "LPIC-305 Objectives V3.0"

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__FORCETOC__
 
__FORCETOC__
 
==Introduction==
 
==Introduction==
−
The description of the entire [[LPIC-3]] programme is listed [[LPIC-3|here]].
+
The description of the entire [[LPIC-3]] program is listed [[LPIC-3|here]].
 
<br /><br />
 
<br /><br />
 +
 
==Version Information==
 
==Version Information==
  
−
These objectives are '''A DRAFT FOR''' version 3.0.
+
These objectives are for version 3.0.
 +
 
 +
This exam results from a split of version 2.0 of the exam 304.
  
−
There is also a [[LPIC304SummaryVersion2To3|summary and detailed information]] on the changes from version 2.0 to 3.0 of the objectives.
+
There is also a [[LPIC305SummaryVersion2To3|summary and detailed information]] on the changes from version 2.0 of exam 304 to 3.0 of these objectives.
  
−
The version [[LPIC-304 Objectives V2|2.0 objectives]] can be found [[LPIC-304 Objectives V2|here]].
+
The version [[LPIC-304 Objectives V2|2.x objectives]] can be found [[LPIC-304 Objectives V2|here]].
  
 
<br />
 
<br />
Line 15: Line 18:
 
==Translations of Objectives==
 
==Translations of Objectives==
 
The following translations of the objectives are available on this wiki:
 
The following translations of the objectives are available on this wiki:
−
* [[LPIC-304 Objectives V3.0|English]]
+
* [[LPIC-305 Objectives V3.0|English]]
−
* [[LPIC-304 Objectives V3.0(JA)|Japanese]]
+
* [[LPIC-305 Objectives V3.0(JA)|Japanese]]
 
<br />
 
<br />
  
 
==Objectives==
 
==Objectives==
−
===''Topic 341: Virtualization''===
+
===''Topic 351: Full Virtualization''===
−
====<span style="color:navy">341.1 Virtualization Concepts and Theory (weight: 6)</span>====
+
====<span style="color:navy">351.1 Virtualization Concepts and Theory (weight: 6)</span>====
 
{|
 
{|
 
| style="background:#dadada" | '''Weight'''
 
| style="background:#dadada" | '''Weight'''
Line 27: Line 30:
 
|-
 
|-
 
| style="background:#dadada; padding-right:1em" | '''Description'''
 
| style="background:#dadada; padding-right:1em" | '''Description'''
−
| style="background:#eaeaea" | Candidates should know and understand the general concepts, theory and terminology of Virtualization.  This includes Xen, KVM and libvirt terminology.
+
| style="background:#eaeaea" | Candidates should know and understand the general concepts, theory and terminology of virtualization.  This includes Xen, QEMU and libvirt terminology.
 
|}
 
|}
 
'''Key Knowledge Areas:'''
 
'''Key Knowledge Areas:'''
 
* Understand virtualization terminology
 
* Understand virtualization terminology
−
* Understand the pros and cons of Virtualization
+
* Understand the pros and cons of virtualization
 
* Understand the various variations of Hypervisors and Virtual Machine Monitors
 
* Understand the various variations of Hypervisors and Virtual Machine Monitors
 
* Understand the major aspects of migrating physical to virtual machines
 
* Understand the major aspects of migrating physical to virtual machines
 
* Understand the major aspects of migrating virtual machines between host systems
 
* Understand the major aspects of migrating virtual machines between host systems
 
* Understand the features and implications of virtualization for a virtual machine, such as snapshotting, pausing, cloning and resource limits
 
* Understand the features and implications of virtualization for a virtual machine, such as snapshotting, pausing, cloning and resource limits
−
* Awareness of oVirt, Proxmox and VirtualBox
+
* Awareness of oVirt, Proxmox, systemd-machined and VirtualBox
 +
* Awareness of Open vSwitch
 
'''The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:'''
 
'''The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:'''
 
* Hypervisor
 
* Hypervisor
Line 47: Line 51:
 
<br />
 
<br />
  
−
====<span style="color:navy">341.2 Xen (weight: 6)</span>====
+
====<span style="color:navy">351.2 Xen (weight: 3)</span>====
 
{|
 
{|
 
| style="background:#dadada" | '''Weight'''
 
| style="background:#dadada" | '''Weight'''
−
| style="background:#eaeaea" | 6
+
| style="background:#eaeaea" | 3
 
|-
 
|-
 
| style="background:#dadada; padding-right:1em" | '''Description'''
 
| style="background:#dadada; padding-right:1em" | '''Description'''
Line 57: Line 61:
 
'''Key Knowledge Areas:'''
 
'''Key Knowledge Areas:'''
 
* Understand architecture of Xen, including networking and storage
 
* Understand architecture of Xen, including networking and storage
−
* Understand the configuration of Xen nodes and domains
+
* Basic configuration of Xen nodes and domains
−
* Manage Xen nodes and domains
+
* Basic management of Xen nodes and domains
−
* Troubleshoot Xen installations
+
* Basic troubleshooting of Xen installations
 
* Awareness of XAPI
 
* Awareness of XAPI
 
* Awareness of XenStore
 
* Awareness of XenStore
Line 74: Line 78:
 
<br />
 
<br />
  
−
====<span style="color:navy">341.3 KVM (weight: 6)</span>====
+
====<span style="color:navy">351.3 QEMU (weight: 4)</span>====
 
{|
 
{|
 
| style="background:#dadada" | '''Weight'''
 
| style="background:#dadada" | '''Weight'''
−
| style="background:#eaeaea" | 6
+
| style="background:#eaeaea" | 4
 
|-
 
|-
 
| style="background:#dadada; padding-right:1em" | '''Description'''
 
| style="background:#dadada; padding-right:1em" | '''Description'''
−
| style="background:#eaeaea" | Candidates should be able to install, configure, maintain, migrate and troubleshoot KVM installations.
+
| style="background:#eaeaea" | Candidates should be able to install, configure, maintain, migrate and troubleshoot QEMU installations.
 
|}
 
|}
 
'''Key Knowledge Areas:'''
 
'''Key Knowledge Areas:'''
−
* Understand the architecture of KVM, including networking and storage
+
* Understand the architecture of QEMU, including KVM, networking and storage
−
* Understand KVM configuration parameters
+
* Start QEMU instances from the command line
−
* Manage KVM instances from the command line, including using the KVM monitor
+
* Manage snapshots using the QEMU monitor
−
* Manage image files using qemu-img
+
* Install the QEMU Guest Agent and VirtIO device drivers
−
* Troubleshoot KVM installations
+
* Troubleshoot QEMU installations, including networking and storage
 +
* Awareness of important QEMU configuration parameters
 
'''The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:'''
 
'''The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:'''
 
* Kernel modules: kvm, kvm-intel and kvm-amd
 
* Kernel modules: kvm, kvm-intel and kvm-amd
 
* /dev/kvm
 
* /dev/kvm
−
* kvm
+
* QEMU monitor
−
* KVM monitor
+
 
* qemu
 
* qemu
−
* qemu-img
+
* qemu-system-x86_64
 +
* ip
 +
* brctl
 +
* tunctl
 
<br />
 
<br />
  
−
====<span style="color:navy">341.4 Libvirt Virtual Machine Management (weight: 9)</span>====
+
====<span style="color:navy">351.4 Libvirt Virtual Machine Management (weight: 9)</span>====
 
{|
 
{|
 
| style="background:#dadada" | '''Weight'''
 
| style="background:#dadada" | '''Weight'''
Line 114: Line 121:
 
* Migrate domains between nodes
 
* Migrate domains between nodes
 
* Understand how libvirt interacts with Xen and QEMU
 
* Understand how libvirt interacts with Xen and QEMU
−
* Understand how libvirt interacts with network services such as libvirtd and raadvd
+
* Understand how libvirt interacts with network services such as dnsmasq and radvd
 
* Understand libvirt XML configuration files
 
* Understand libvirt XML configuration files
 +
* Awareness of virtlogd and virtlockd
 
'''The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:'''
 
'''The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:'''
 
* libvirtd
 
* libvirtd
Line 123: Line 131:
 
<br />
 
<br />
  
−
===''Topic 342: Container Virtualization''===
+
====<span style="color:navy">351.5 Virtual Machine Disk Image Management (weight: 3)</span>====
−
====<span style="color:navy">342.1 Container Virtualization Concepts (weight: 6)</span>====
+
 
{|
 
{|
 
| style="background:#dadada" | '''Weight'''
 
| style="background:#dadada" | '''Weight'''
−
| style="background:#eaeaea" | 6
+
| style="background:#eaeaea" | 3
 +
|-
 +
| style="background:#dadada; padding-right:1em" | '''Description'''
 +
| style="background:#eaeaea" | Candidates should be able to manage virtual machines disk images. This includes converting disk images between various formats and hypervisors and accessing data stored within an image.
 +
|}
 +
'''Key Knowledge Areas:'''
 +
* Understand features of various virtual disk image formats, such as raw images, qcow2 and VMDK
 +
* Manage virtual machine disk images using qemu-img
 +
* Mount partitions and access files contained in virtual machine disk images using libguestfish
 +
* Copy physical disk content to a virtual machine disk image
 +
* Migrate disk content between various virtual machine disk image formats
 +
* Awareness of Open Virtualization Format (OVF)
 +
'''The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:'''
 +
* qemu-img
 +
* guestfish (including relevant subcommands)
 +
* guestmount
 +
* guestumount
 +
* virt-cat
 +
* virt-copy-in
 +
* virt-copy-out
 +
* virt-diff
 +
* virt-inspector
 +
* virt-filesystems
 +
* virt-rescue
 +
* virt-df
 +
* virt-resize
 +
* virt-sparsify
 +
* virt-p2v
 +
* virt-p2v-make-disk
 +
* virt-v2v
 +
* virt-sysprep
 +
 
 +
<br />
 +
 
 +
===''Topic 352: Container Virtualization''===
 +
====<span style="color:navy">352.1 Container Virtualization Concepts (weight: 7)</span>====
 +
{|
 +
| style="background:#dadada" | '''Weight'''
 +
| style="background:#eaeaea" | 7
 
|-
 
|-
 
| style="background:#dadada; padding-right:1em" | '''Description'''
 
| style="background:#dadada; padding-right:1em" | '''Description'''
Line 139: Line 184:
 
* Understand the role of seccomp, SELinux and AppArmor for container virtualization
 
* Understand the role of seccomp, SELinux and AppArmor for container virtualization
 
* Understand how LXC and Docker leverage namespaces, cgroups, capabilities, seccomp and MAC
 
* Understand how LXC and Docker leverage namespaces, cgroups, capabilities, seccomp and MAC
 +
* Understand the principle of runc
 +
* Understand the principle of CRI-O and containerd
 +
* Awareness of the OCI runtime and image specifications
 +
* Awareness of the Kubernetes Container Runtime Interface (CRI)
 +
* Awareness of podman, buildah and skopeo
 
* Awareness of other container virtualization approaches in Linux and other free operating systems, such as rkt, OpenVZ, systemd-nspawn or BSD Jails
 
* Awareness of other container virtualization approaches in Linux and other free operating systems, such as rkt, OpenVZ, systemd-nspawn or BSD Jails
 
'''The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:'''
 
'''The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:'''
 
* nsenter
 
* nsenter
 
* unshare
 
* unshare
 +
* ip (including relevant subcommands)
 
* capsh
 
* capsh
 
* /sys/fs/cgroups
 
* /sys/fs/cgroups
Line 149: Line 200:
 
<br />
 
<br />
  
−
====<span style="color:navy">342.2 LXC (weight: 6)</span>====
+
====<span style="color:navy">352.2 LXC (weight: 6)</span>====
 
{|
 
{|
 
| style="background:#dadada" | '''Weight'''
 
| style="background:#dadada" | '''Weight'''
Line 155: Line 206:
 
|-
 
|-
 
| style="background:#dadada; padding-right:1em" | '''Description'''
 
| style="background:#dadada; padding-right:1em" | '''Description'''
−
| style="background:#eaeaea" | Candidates should be able to use system containers using LXC and LXD.
+
| style="background:#eaeaea" | Candidates should be able to use system containers using LXC and LXD. The version of LXC covered is 3.0 or higher.
 
|}
 
|}
 
'''Key Knowledge Areas:'''
 
'''Key Knowledge Areas:'''
Line 170: Line 221:
 
<br />
 
<br />
  
−
====<span style="color:navy">342.3 Docker (weight: 9)</span>====
+
====<span style="color:navy">352.3 Docker (weight: 9)</span>====
 
{|
 
{|
 
| style="background:#dadada" | '''Weight'''
 
| style="background:#dadada" | '''Weight'''
Line 194: Line 245:
 
<br />
 
<br />
  
−
====<span style="color:navy">342.4 Container Orchestration Platforms (weight: 2)</span>====
+
====<span style="color:navy">352.4 Container Orchestration Platforms (weight: 3)</span>====
 
{|
 
{|
 
| style="background:#dadada" | '''Weight'''
 
| style="background:#dadada" | '''Weight'''
−
| style="background:#eaeaea" | 2
+
| style="background:#eaeaea" | 3
 
|-
 
|-
 
| style="background:#dadada; padding-right:1em" | '''Description'''
 
| style="background:#dadada; padding-right:1em" | '''Description'''
Line 210: Line 261:
 
<br />
 
<br />
  
−
===''Topic 343: VM Deployment and Provisioning''===
+
===''Topic 353: VM Deployment and Provisioning''===
−
 
+
====<span style="color:navy">353.1 Cloud Management Tools (weight: 2)</span>====
−
 
+
−
====<span style="color:navy">343.1 Cloud Management Tools (weight: 2)</span>====
+
 
{|
 
{|
 
| style="background:#dadada" | '''Weight'''
 
| style="background:#dadada" | '''Weight'''
Line 232: Line 281:
 
<br />
 
<br />
  
−
====<span style="color:navy">343.2 Packer (weight: 2)</span>====
+
====<span style="color:navy">353.2 Packer (weight: 2)</span>====
 
{|
 
{|
 
| style="background:#dadada" | '''Weight'''
 
| style="background:#dadada" | '''Weight'''
Line 248: Line 297:
 
<br />
 
<br />
  
−
====<span style="color:navy">343.3 cloud-init (weight: 3)</span>====
+
====<span style="color:navy">353.3 cloud-init (weight: 3)</span>====
 
{|
 
{|
 
| style="background:#dadada" | '''Weight'''
 
| style="background:#dadada" | '''Weight'''
Line 254: Line 303:
 
|-
 
|-
 
| style="background:#dadada; padding-right:1em" | '''Description'''
 
| style="background:#dadada; padding-right:1em" | '''Description'''
−
| style="background:#eaeaea" | Candidates should able to use cloud-init to configure virtual machines created from standardized images. This includes adjust virtual machines to match their available hardware resources, specifically, disk space and volumes. Additionally, candidates should be able to configure instances to allow secure SSH logins and install a specific set of software packages. Furthermore, candidates should be able to create new system images with cloud-init support.
+
| style="background:#eaeaea" | Candidates should able to use cloud-init to configure virtual machines created from standardized images. This includes adjusting virtual machines to match their available hardware resources, specifically, disk space and volumes. Additionally, candidates should be able to configure instances to allow secure SSH logins and install a specific set of software packages. Furthermore, candidates should be able to create new system images with cloud-init support.
 
|}
 
|}
 
'''Key Knowledge Areas:'''
 
'''Key Knowledge Areas:'''
 
* Understanding the features and concepts of cloud-init, including user-data, initializing and configuring cloud-init
 
* Understanding the features and concepts of cloud-init, including user-data, initializing and configuring cloud-init
 
* Use cloud-init to create, resize and mount file systems, configure user accounts, including login credentials such as SSH keys and install software packages from the distribution’s repository
 
* Use cloud-init to create, resize and mount file systems, configure user accounts, including login credentials such as SSH keys and install software packages from the distribution’s repository
−
* Integrate cloud-init into own system images
+
* Integrate cloud-init into system images
 
* Use config drive datasource for testing
 
* Use config drive datasource for testing
 
'''Partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:'''
 
'''Partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:'''
Line 267: Line 316:
 
<br />
 
<br />
  
−
====<span style="color:navy">343.4 Vagrant (weight: 3)</span>====
+
====<span style="color:navy">353.4 Vagrant (weight: 3)</span>====
 
{|
 
{|
 
| style="background:#dadada" | '''Weight'''
 
| style="background:#dadada" | '''Weight'''

Latest revision as of 17:25, 19 April 2021

Introduction

The description of the entire LPIC-3 program is listed here.

Version Information

These objectives are for version 3.0.

This exam results from a split of version 2.0 of the exam 304.

There is also a summary and detailed information on the changes from version 2.0 of exam 304 to 3.0 of these objectives.

The version 2.x objectives can be found here.


Translations of Objectives

The following translations of the objectives are available on this wiki:


Objectives

Topic 351: Full Virtualization

351.1 Virtualization Concepts and Theory (weight: 6)

Weight 6
Description Candidates should know and understand the general concepts, theory and terminology of virtualization. This includes Xen, QEMU and libvirt terminology.

Key Knowledge Areas:

  • Understand virtualization terminology
  • Understand the pros and cons of virtualization
  • Understand the various variations of Hypervisors and Virtual Machine Monitors
  • Understand the major aspects of migrating physical to virtual machines
  • Understand the major aspects of migrating virtual machines between host systems
  • Understand the features and implications of virtualization for a virtual machine, such as snapshotting, pausing, cloning and resource limits
  • Awareness of oVirt, Proxmox, systemd-machined and VirtualBox
  • Awareness of Open vSwitch

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

  • Hypervisor
  • Hardware Virtual Machine (HVM)
  • Paravirtualization (PV)
  • Emulation and Simulation
  • CPU flags
  • /proc/cpuinfo
  • Migration (P2V, V2V)


351.2 Xen (weight: 3)

Weight 3
Description Candidates should be able to install, configure, maintain, migrate and troubleshoot Xen installations. The focus is on Xen version 4.x.

Key Knowledge Areas:

  • Understand architecture of Xen, including networking and storage
  • Basic configuration of Xen nodes and domains
  • Basic management of Xen nodes and domains
  • Basic troubleshooting of Xen installations
  • Awareness of XAPI
  • Awareness of XenStore
  • Awareness of Xen Boot Parameters
  • Awareness of the xm utility

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

  • Domain0 (Dom0), DomainU (DomU)
  • PV-DomU, HVM-DomU
  • /etc/xen/
  • xl
  • xl.cfg
  • xl.conf
  • xentop


351.3 QEMU (weight: 4)

Weight 4
Description Candidates should be able to install, configure, maintain, migrate and troubleshoot QEMU installations.

Key Knowledge Areas:

  • Understand the architecture of QEMU, including KVM, networking and storage
  • Start QEMU instances from the command line
  • Manage snapshots using the QEMU monitor
  • Install the QEMU Guest Agent and VirtIO device drivers
  • Troubleshoot QEMU installations, including networking and storage
  • Awareness of important QEMU configuration parameters

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

  • Kernel modules: kvm, kvm-intel and kvm-amd
  • /dev/kvm
  • QEMU monitor
  • qemu
  • qemu-system-x86_64
  • ip
  • brctl
  • tunctl


351.4 Libvirt Virtual Machine Management (weight: 9)

Weight 9
Description Candidates should be able to manage virtualization hosts and virtual machines (‘libvirt domains’) using libvirt and related tools.

Key Knowledge Areas:

  • Understand the architecture of libvirt
  • Manage libvirt connections and nodes
  • Create and manage QEMU and Xen domains, including snapshots
  • Manage and analyze resource consumption of domains
  • Create and manage storage pools and volumes
  • Create and manage virtual networks
  • Migrate domains between nodes
  • Understand how libvirt interacts with Xen and QEMU
  • Understand how libvirt interacts with network services such as dnsmasq and radvd
  • Understand libvirt XML configuration files
  • Awareness of virtlogd and virtlockd

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

  • libvirtd
  • /etc/libvirt/
  • virsh (including relevant subcommands)


351.5 Virtual Machine Disk Image Management (weight: 3)

Weight 3
Description Candidates should be able to manage virtual machines disk images. This includes converting disk images between various formats and hypervisors and accessing data stored within an image.

Key Knowledge Areas:

  • Understand features of various virtual disk image formats, such as raw images, qcow2 and VMDK
  • Manage virtual machine disk images using qemu-img
  • Mount partitions and access files contained in virtual machine disk images using libguestfish
  • Copy physical disk content to a virtual machine disk image
  • Migrate disk content between various virtual machine disk image formats
  • Awareness of Open Virtualization Format (OVF)

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

  • qemu-img
  • guestfish (including relevant subcommands)
  • guestmount
  • guestumount
  • virt-cat
  • virt-copy-in
  • virt-copy-out
  • virt-diff
  • virt-inspector
  • virt-filesystems
  • virt-rescue
  • virt-df
  • virt-resize
  • virt-sparsify
  • virt-p2v
  • virt-p2v-make-disk
  • virt-v2v
  • virt-sysprep


Topic 352: Container Virtualization

352.1 Container Virtualization Concepts (weight: 7)

Weight 7
Description Candidates should understand the concept of container virtualization. This includes understanding the Linux components used to implement container virtualization as well as using standard Linux tools to troubleshoot these components.

Key Knowledge Areas:

  • Understand the concepts of system and application container
  • Understand and analyze kernel namespaces
  • Understand and analyze control groups
  • Understand and analyze capabilities
  • Understand the role of seccomp, SELinux and AppArmor for container virtualization
  • Understand how LXC and Docker leverage namespaces, cgroups, capabilities, seccomp and MAC
  • Understand the principle of runc
  • Understand the principle of CRI-O and containerd
  • Awareness of the OCI runtime and image specifications
  • Awareness of the Kubernetes Container Runtime Interface (CRI)
  • Awareness of podman, buildah and skopeo
  • Awareness of other container virtualization approaches in Linux and other free operating systems, such as rkt, OpenVZ, systemd-nspawn or BSD Jails

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

  • nsenter
  • unshare
  • ip (including relevant subcommands)
  • capsh
  • /sys/fs/cgroups
  • /proc/[0-9]+/ns
  • /proc/[0-9]+/status


352.2 LXC (weight: 6)

Weight 6
Description Candidates should be able to use system containers using LXC and LXD. The version of LXC covered is 3.0 or higher.

Key Knowledge Areas:

  • Understand the architecture of LXC and LXD
  • Manage LXC containers based on existing images using LXD, including networking and storage
  • Configure LXC container properties
  • Limit LXC container resource usage
  • Use LXD profiles
  • Understand LXC images
  • Awareness of traditional LXC tools

Partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

  • lxd
  • lxc (including relevant subcommands)


352.3 Docker (weight: 9)

Weight 9
Description Candidate should be able to manage Docker nodes and Docker containers. This include understand the architecture of Docker as well as understanding how Docker interacts with the node’s Linux system.

Key Knowledge Areas:

  • Understand the architecture and components of Docker
  • Manage Docker containers by using images from a Docker registry
  • Understand and manage images and volumes for Docker containers
  • Understand and manage logging for Docker containers
  • Understand and manage networking for Docker
  • Use Dockerfiles to create container images
  • Run a Docker registry using the registry Docker image

Partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

  • dockerd
  • /etc/docker/daemon.json
  • /var/lib/docker/
  • docker
  • Dockerfile


352.4 Container Orchestration Platforms (weight: 3)

Weight 3
Description Candidates should understand the importance of container orchestration and the key concepts Docker Swarm and Kubernetes provide to implement container orchestration.

Key Knowledge Areas:

  • Understand the relevance of container orchestration
  • Understand the key concepts of Docker Compose and Docker Swarm
  • Understand the key concepts of Kubernetes and Helm
  • Awareness of OpenShift, Rancher and Mesosphere DC/OS



Topic 353: VM Deployment and Provisioning

353.1 Cloud Management Tools (weight: 2)

Weight 2
Description Candidates should understand common offerings in public clouds and have basic feature knowledge of commonly available cloud management tools.

Key Knowledge Areas:

  • Understand common offerings in public clouds
  • Basic feature knowledge of OpenStack
  • Basic feature knowledge of Terraform
  • Awareness of CloudStack, Eucalyptus and OpenNebula

Partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

  • IaaS, PaaS, SaaS
  • OpenStack
  • Terraform


353.2 Packer (weight: 2)

Weight 2
Description Candidates should be able to use Packer to create system images. This includes running Packer in various public and private cloud environments as well as building container images for LXC/LXD.

Key Knowledge Areas:

  • Understand the functionality and features of Packer
  • Create and maintain template files
  • Build images from template files using different builders

Partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

  • packer


353.3 cloud-init (weight: 3)

Weight 3
Description Candidates should able to use cloud-init to configure virtual machines created from standardized images. This includes adjusting virtual machines to match their available hardware resources, specifically, disk space and volumes. Additionally, candidates should be able to configure instances to allow secure SSH logins and install a specific set of software packages. Furthermore, candidates should be able to create new system images with cloud-init support.

Key Knowledge Areas:

  • Understanding the features and concepts of cloud-init, including user-data, initializing and configuring cloud-init
  • Use cloud-init to create, resize and mount file systems, configure user accounts, including login credentials such as SSH keys and install software packages from the distribution’s repository
  • Integrate cloud-init into system images
  • Use config drive datasource for testing

Partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

  • cloud-init
  • user-data
  • /var/lib/cloud/


353.4 Vagrant (weight: 3)

Weight 3
Description Candidate should be able to use Vagrant to manage virtual machines, including provisioning of the virtual machine.

Key Knowledge Areas:

  • Understand Vagrant architecture and concepts, including storage and networking
  • Retrieve and use boxes from Atlas
  • Create and run Vagrantfiles
  • Access Vagrant virtual machines
  • Share and synchronize folder between a Vagrant virtual machine and the host system
  • Understand Vagrant provisioning, i.e. File and Shell provisioners
  • Understand multi-machine setup

Partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

  • vagrant
  • Vagrantfile



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