Difference between revisions of "LPIC-303 Objectives V2"
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Revision as of 16:40, 17 February 2015
Contents
Introduction
The description of the entire LPIC-3 programme is listed here.
Version Information
These objectives are version 2.0.0 DRAFT.
The version 1.x objectives can be found here.
Translations of Objectives
The following translations of the objectives are available on this wiki:
Objectives
Topic 320: Cryptography
320.1 X.509 Certificates and Public Key Infrastructures
| Weight | To be determined |
| Description | Candidates should understand X.509 certificates and public key infrastructures. They should know how to configure and use OpenSSL to implement certification authorities and issue SSL certificates for various purposes. |
Key Knowledge Areas:
- Understanding of X.509 certificates, X.509 certificate lifecycle, X.509 certificate fields and X.509v3 certificate extensions.
- Understanding of trust chains and public key infrastructures.
- Generating and managing public and private keys.
- Creating, operating and securing a certification authority.
- Requesting, signing and managing server and client certificates.
- Revocation of certificates and certification authorities.
The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:
- openssl, including relevant subcommands
- OpenSSL configuration
- PEM, DER, PKCS
- CSR
- CRL
- OCSP
320.2 X.509 Certificates for Encryption, Signing and Authentication
| Weight | To be determined |
| Description | Candidates should know how to use X.509 certificates for both server and client authentication. Candidates should be able to implement user and server authentication for Apache HTTPD. |
Key Knowledge Areas:
- Understanding of SSL and TLS and protocol versions.
- Understanding of common transport layer security threats (i.e. Man-in-the-Middle)
- Configuration of Apache HTTPD with mod_ssl to provide HTTPS service.
- Configuration of Apache HTTPD with mod_ssl to authenticate users using certificates.
- Configuration of Apache HTTPD with mod_ssl to provide OSCP stapling.
- Using openssl for SSL/TLS client and server tests.
The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:
- Intermediate Certificates
- Cipher configuration (no cipher-specific knowledge)
- httpd.conf
- openssl
320.3 Advanced GPG
| Weight | To be determined |
| Description | Candidates should know how to use GPG. This includes key generation, signing and publishing to key servers. Managing multiple private keys and IDs is also included. |
Key Knowledge Areas:
- GPG encryption and signing
- private/public key management
- GPG key servers
- GPG configuration
The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:
- gpg
- gpgv
- gpg-agent
- ~/.gnupg/
320.4 Encrypted Filesystems
| Weight | To be determined |
| Description | Candidates should be able to setup and configure encrypted file systems. |
Key Knowledge Areas:
- Understanding of block device and file system encryption.
- Using dm-crypt with LUKS to encrypt block devices.
- Using eCryptfs to encrypt file systems, including home directories and PAM integration.
- Awareness of plain dm-crypt and EncFS.
The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:
- cryptsetup
- cryptmount
- /etc/crypttab
- ecryptfsd
- ecryptfs-* tools
- mount.ecryptfs, umount.ecryptfs
- pam_ecryptfs
320.5 DNS and cryptography
| Weight | To be determined |
| Description | Candidates should have experience and knowledge of cryptography in the context of DNS and its implementation using BIND. |
Key Knowledge Areas:
- Understanding of DNSSEC and DANE.
- Configure and troubleshoot BIND as an authoriative nameserver serving DNSSEC secured zones.
- Configure BIND as an recursive nameserver that performs DNSSEC validation on behalf of its clients.
- Use DANE to publish X.509 certificate information in DNS.
The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:
- DNS, EDNS, Zones, Resource Records
- DNS resource records: DS, DNSKEY, RRSIG, NSEC, NSEC3, NSEC3PARAM, TLSA
- DO-Bit, AD-Bit
- Key Signing Key, Zone Signing Key, Key Tag
- Key generation, Key storage, Key management, Key rollover
- Maintenance and re-signing of zones
- named.conf
- dnssec-keygen
- dnssec-signzone
- dnssec-settime
- dnssec-dsfromkey
- rndc
- dig
- delv
- openssl
320.6 OpenSSH
| Weight | To be determined |
| Description | Candidates should have experience and knowledge of security issues in use and configuration of OpenSSH SSH services. |
Key Knowledge Areas:
- OpenSSH configuration and command line tools
- OpenSSH key management and access control
- Awareness of SSH protocol v1 and v2 security issues
The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:
- /etc/ssh/
- ~/.ssh/
- ssh-keygen
- ssh-agent
- ssh-vulnkey
Topic 321: Host security
321.1 Host Hardening
| Weight | 4 |
| Description |
Key Knowledge Areas:
The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:
321.2 Host Intrusion Detection
| Weight | 4 |
| Description | Candidates should be familiar with the use and configuration of intrusion detection software. |
Key Knowledge Areas:
- Tripwire configuration, policies and use
The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:
- /etc/snort/
- tripwire
- twadmin
- /etc/tripwire/
321.3 User Management and Authentication
| Weight | 6 |
| Description | Candidates should be familiar with management and authentication of user accounts. This includes configuration and use of nsswitch, PAM, SSSD and Kerberos for both local and remote directories and authentication mechanisms as well as enforcing a password policy. |
Key Knowledge Areas:
- NSS and NSS configuration
- PAM and PAM configuration
- Password complexity policies and periodic password changes
- SSSD daemon and command line tools
- Configuring NSS and PAM for use with SSSD
- Authenticate SSSD against Active Directory, IPA, LDAP, Kerberos and local domains
- Obtain and manage Kerberos Tickets
The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:
- nsswitch.conf
- /etc/login.defs
- pam_cracklib
- chage
- pam_sss
- sssd
- sssd.conf
- sss_* commands
- krb5.conf
- kinit, klist, kdestroy
321.4 FreeIPA Installation and Samba Integration
| Weight | 4 |
| Description | Candidates should be familiar with FreeIPA v3.x installation process of creating a server instance. Knowledge of the components used by FreeIPA. Candidates should be able to integrate with Samba for group management, Kerberized CIFS and as an AD DC with FreeIPA. |
Key Knowledge Areas:
- System and configuration prerequisites for installing FreeIPA
- FreeIPA Components: LDAP, Kerberos, PKI, DNS, Certmonger
- Cross-realm trusts
The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:
- ipa-server-install and options
- ipa
- ipa trust-add-ad
- ipa config-mod
- net
- ldapadd
Topic 322: Access Control
322.1 Discretionary Access Control
| Weight | 5 |
| Description | Candidates are required to understand Discretionary Access Control and know how to implement it using Access Control Lists. Furthermore, Candidates are required to understand and know how to use Extended Attributes. |
Key Knowledge Areas:
- File ownership and permissions
- ACLs
- EAs and attribute classes
The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:
- getfacl
- setfacl
- getfattr
- setfattr
322.2 Mandatory Access Control
| Weight | 8 |
| Description | Candidates should be familiar with Mandatory Access Control systems for Linux. In especially, Candidates should have a thorough knowledge of SELinux. Furthermore, Candidates should be aware of other Mandatory Access Control systems for Linux. This includes major features of these systems but not configuration and use. |
Key Knowledge Areas:
- SELinux configuration and command line tools
- TE, RBAC, MAC and DAC concepts and use
- SMACK
- AppArmor
The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:
- fixfiles/setfiles
- newrole
- setenforce/getenforce
- selinuxenabled
- semanage
- sestatus
- /etc/selinux/
- /etc/selinux.d/
- SMACK
- AppArmor
322.3 Network file systems
| Weight | 1 |
| Description | Candidates should have experience and knowledge of security issues in use and configuration of NFSv4 and CIFS client services. Earlier versions of NFS are not required knowledge. |
Key Knowledge Areas:
- NFSv4 security improvements, issues and use
- NFSv4 pseudo file system
- NFSv4 security mechanisms (LIPKEY, SPKM, Kerberos)
The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:
- NFSv4 ACLs
- nfs4acl
- RPCSEC_GSS
- /etc/exports
Topic 324: Network Security
324.1 Network hardening
| Weight | 4 |
| Description | Candidates should be able to control media level access to a network |
Key Knowledge Areas: The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:
324.2 Network Intrusion Detection
| Weight | 5 |
| Description | Candidates should be familiar with the use and configuration of network security scanning, network monitoring and network intrusion detection software. |
Key Knowledge Areas:
- Bandwith monitoring
- Snort configuration, rules and use
- Nessus configuration, NASL and use
- Wireshark filters and use
The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:
- ntop
- Cacti
- nmap
- wireshark
- tshark
- tcpdump
- nessus
- nessus-adduser/nessus-rmuser
- nessusd
- nessus-mkcert
- /etc/nessus
- snort
- snort-stat
324.3 netfilter/iptables
| Weight | 5 |
| Description | Candidates should be familiar with the use and configuration of iptables. |
Key Knowledge Areas:
- Iptables packet filtering and network address translation
The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:
- iptables
- iptables-save/iptables-restore
324.4 OpenVPN
| Weight | 3 |
| Description | Candidates should be familiar with the use of OpenVPN. |
Key Knowledge Areas:
- OpenVPN configuration and use
The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:
- /etc/openvpn/
- openvpn server and client
Other Comments for consideration
Secure development, hardening
As examples, following items are not in the current objectives:
1) Related to Wireless LAN:
(Note: It’s not only for Linux though, it is necessary to consider because
there are many points to be taken care for configuration in terms of security
measure.)
2) Related to IPv6:
Not only IPv4, but also IPv6 should be considered.
3) Security features in Linux:
For example, ASLR and Exec-Shield (ASCII Armor) should be considered,
because it causes security level lower if those are disabled.
4) Related to Forensics:
In the survey of malware’s behavior, Sleuth Kit would be used to analyze
the hard disk on Linux machine. Also in some cases, LVM commands would be
used to restore the disk which became un-mountable.
So that this area should be learned.
5) Database (RDB, NoSQL) security:
Because Application Security (bind, apache, etc.) is covered now, this item
would be nice to cover. And this item is listed in the CIF, security contest
almost every time.
Also the counter-measure in server side is necessary.
6) Related to OpenFlow:
There are several points to be considered in terms of security measure about
the configuration of OpenFlow.
7) RADIUS
This was covered in 301 though, this is not covered now.
This should be covered.
8) DNS
More DNSSEC and DANE.
