LPIC-303 Objectives V3.0

Introduction

The description of the entire LPIC-3 programme is listed here.

Version Information

These objectives are version 2.0.0.

The version 1.x objectives can be found here.

Translations of Objectives

The following translations of the objectives are available on this wiki:

• English
• Spanish

Objectives

Topic 325: Cryptography

325.1 X.509 Certificates and Public Key Infrastructures (weight: 5)

Weight	5
Description	Candidates should understand X.509 certificates and public key infrastructures. They should know how to configure and use OpenSSL to implement certification authorities and issue SSL certificates for various purposes.

Key Knowledge Areas:

• Understand X.509 certificates, X.509 certificate lifecycle, X.509 certificate fields and X.509v3 certificate extensions
• Understand trust chains and public key infrastructures, including certificate transparency
• Generate and manage public and private keys
• Create, operate and secure a certification authority
• Request, sign and manage server and client certificates
• Revoke certificates and certification authorities
• Awareness of Let's Encrypt
• Awareness of CFSSL

Partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

• openssl, including relevant subcommands
• OpenSSL configuration
• PEM, DER, PKCS
• CSR
• CRL
• OCSP

325.2 X.509 Certificates for Encryption, Signing and Authentication (weight: 4)

Weight	4
Description	Candidates should be able to use X.509 certificates for both server and client authentication. This includes implementing user and server authentication for Apache HTTPD. The version of Apache HTTPD covered is 2.4 or higher.

Key Knowledge Areas:

• Understand SSL, TLS, including protocol versions and ciphers
• Understand common transport layer security threats, for example Man-in-the-Middle
• Configure Apache HTTPD with mod_ssl to provide HTTPS service, including SNI and HSTS
• Configure Apache HTTPD to serve certificate chains and adjust the cipher configuration (no cipher-specific knowledge)
• Configure Apache HTTPD with mod_ssl to authenticate users using certificates
• Configure Apache HTTPD with mod_ssl to provide OCSP stapling
• Use OpenSSL for SSL/TLS client and server tests

Partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

• httpd.conf
• mod_ssl
• openssl

325.3 Encrypted File Systems (weight: 3)

Weight	3
Description	Candidates should be able to set up and configure encrypted file systems.

Key Knowledge Areas:

• Understand block device and file system encryption
• Use dm-crypt with LUKS1 to encrypt block devices
• Conceptual understanding of Clevis for LUKS devices and Clevis PINs for TMP2 and Network Bound Disk Encryption (NBDE)/Tang
• Use eCryptfs to encrypt file systems, including home directories and PAM integration
• Awareness of plain dm-crypt and EncFS
• Awareness of LUKS2 features

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

• cryptsetup
• cryptmount
• /etc/crypttab
• ecryptfsd
• ecryptfs-* commands
• mount.ecryptfs, umount.ecryptfs
• pam_ecryptfs

325.4 DNS and Cryptography (weight: 5)

Weight	5
Description	Candidates should have experience and knowledge of cryptography in the context of DNS and its implementation using BIND. The version of BIND covered is 9.7 or higher.

Key Knowledge Areas:

• Understand the concept of DNS, Zones and resource records
• Understand DNSSEC, including Key Signing Keys, Zone Signing Keys and relevant DNS records such as DS, DNSKEY, RRSIG, NSEC, NSEC3 and NSEC3PARAM
• Understand CAA and DANE, including relevant DNS records such as CAA and TLSA
• Configure and troubleshoot BIND as an authoritative name server serving DNSSEC secured zones
• Configure BIND as an recursive name server that performs DNSSEC validation on behalf of its clients
• Manage DNSSEC signed zones, including key generation, key rollover and re-signing of zones
• Use CAA and DANE to publish X.509 certificate and certificate authority information in DNS
• Use TSIG for secure communication with BIND
• Awareness of DNS over TLS and DNS over HTTPS
• Awareness of Multicast DNS

Partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

• named.conf
• dnssec-keygen
• dnssec-signzone
• dnssec-settime
• dnssec-dsfromkey
• rndc
• dig
• delv
• openssl

Topic 326: Host Security

326.1 Host Hardening (weight: 4)

Weight	4
Description	Candidates should be able to secure computers running Linux against common threats.

Key Knowledge Areas:

• Configure BIOS and boot loader (GRUB 2) security
• Disable useless software and services
• Understand and drop unnecessary capabilities for specific systemd units and the whole system
• Understand and configure Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR), Data Execution Prevention (DEP) and Exec-Shield
• Black and white list USB devices attached to a computer using USBGuard
• Create an SSH CA, create SSH certificates for host and user keys using the CA and configure OpenSSH to use SSH certificates
• Work with chroot environments
• Awareness of polkit
• Awareness of the security advantages of virtualization and containerization

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

• grub.cfg
• systemctl
• getcap
• setcap
• capsh
• sysctl
• /etc/sysctl.conf
• /etc/usbguard/usbguard-daemon.conf
• /etc/usbguard/rules.conf
• usbguard
• ssh-keygen
• /etc/ssh/
• ~/.ssh/
• /etc/ssh/sshd_config
• chroot

326.2 Host Intrusion Detection (weight: 5)

Weight	5
Description	Candidates should be familiar with the use and configuration of common host intrusion detection software. This includes updates and maintenance as well as automated host scans.

Key Knowledge Areas:

• Use and configure the Linux Audit system
• Use chkrootkit
• Use and configure rkhunter, including updates
• Use Linux Malware Detect
• Automate host scans using cron
• Use RPM and DPKG package management tools to verify the integrity of installed files
• Configure and use AIDE, including rule management
• Awareness of OpenSCAP

Partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

• auditd
• auditctl
• ausearch, aureport
• auditd.conf
• audit.rules
• pam_tty_audit.so
• chkrootkit
• rkhunter
• /etc/rkhunter.conf
• maldet
• conf.maldet
• rpm
• dpkg
• aide
• /etc/aide/aide.conf

326.5 Resource Control (weight: 3)

Weight	3
Description	Candidates should be able to restrict the resources services and programs can consume.

Key Knowledge Areas:

• Understand and configure ulimits
• Understand cgroups, including classes, limits, accounting and tasks
• Manage cgroups and process cgroup association
• Configure resource limits in systemd units
• Awareness of cgmanager and libcgroup utilities

Partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

• ulimit
• /etc/security/limits.conf
• pam_limits.so
• /sys/fs/group/
• /proc/cgroups
• systemd-cgls
• systemd-cgtop

Topic 327: Access Control

327.1 Discretionary Access Control (weight: 3)

Weight	3
Description	Candidates should understand Discretionary Access Control and know how to implement it using Access Control Lists. Additionally, candidates are required to understand and know how to use Extended Attributes.

Key Knowledge Areas:

• Understand and manage file ownership and permissions, including SUID and SGID
• Understand and manage access control lists
• Understand and manage extended attributes and attribute classes

Partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

• getfacl
• setfacl
• getfattr
• setfattr

327.2 Mandatory Access Control (weight: 5)

Weight	5
Description	Candidates should be familiar with Mandatory Access Control systems for Linux. Specifically, candidates should have a thorough knowledge of SELinux. Also, candidates should be aware of other Mandatory Access Control systems for Linux. This includes major features of these systems but not configuration and use.

Key Knowledge Areas:

• Understand the concepts of Type Enforcement, Role Based Access Control, Mandatory Access Control and Discretionary Access Control
• Configure, manage and use SELinux
• Awareness of AppArmor and Smack

Partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

• getenforce
• setenforce
• selinuxenabled
• getsebool
• setsebool
• togglesebool
• fixfiles
• restorecon
• setfiles
• newrole
• runcon
• semanage
• sestatus
• seinfo
• apol
• seaudit
• seaudit-report
• audit2why
• audit2allow
• /etc/selinux/*

Topic 328: Network Security

328.1 Network Hardening (weight: 4)

Weight	4
Description	Candidates should be able to secure networks against common threats. This includes verification of the effectiveness of security measures.

Key Knowledge Areas:

• Understand wireless networks security mechanisms
• Configure FreeRADIUS to authenticate network nodes
• Use nmap to scan networks and hosts, including different scan methods, version scans and os recognition
• Use Wireshark and tcpdump to analyze network traffic, including filters and statistics
• Use Kismet to analyze wireless networks and capture wireless network traffic
• Identify and deal with rogue router advertisements and DHCP messages
• Awareness of aircrack-ng

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

• radiusd
• radmin
• radtest, radclient
• radlast, radwho
• radiusd.conf
• /etc/raddb/*
• nmap
• wireshark
• tshark
• tcpdump
• kismet
• ndpmon

328.2 Network Intrusion Detection (weight: 4)

Weight	4
Description	Candidates should be familiar with the use and configuration of network security scanning, network monitoring and network intrusion detection software. This includes updating and maintaining the security scanners.

Key Knowledge Areas:

• Implement bandwidth usage monitoring.
• Configure and use Snort, including rule management.
• Configure and use OpenVAS, including NASL.

Partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

• ntop
• Cacti
• snort
• snort-stat
• /etc/snort/*
• openvas-adduser, openvas-rmuser
• openvas-nvt-sync
• openvassd
• openvas-mkcert
• /etc/openvas/*

328.3 Packet Filtering (weight: 5)

Weight	5
Description	Candidates should be familiar with the use and configuration of the netfilter Linux packet filter using iptables and ip6tables.

Key Knowledge Areas:

• Understand common firewall architectures, including DMZ
• Understand and use iptables and ip6tables, including standard modules, tests and targets
• Implement packet filtering for IPv4 and IPv6
• Implement connection tracking and network address translation
• Manage IP sets and use them in netfilter rules
• Awareness of nftables and nft
• Awareness of ebtables
• Awareness of conntrackd

Partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

• iptables
• ip6tables
• iptables-save, iptables-restore
• ip6tables-save, ip6tables-restore
• ipset
• nft
• ebtables

328.4 Virtual Private Networks (weight: 4)

Weight	4
Description	Candidates should be familiar with the use of OpenVPN, IPsec and WireGuard to set up remote access and site to site VPN.

Key Knowledge Areas:

• Understand the principles of bridged and routed VPN
• Understand the principles and major differences of the OpenVPN, IPsec, IKEv2 and WireGuard protocols
• Configure and operate OpenVPN servers and clients
• Configure and operate IPsec servers and clients using strongSwan
• Configure and operate WireGuard servers and clients
• Awareness of L2TP

Partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

• /etc/openvpn/
• openvpn
• /etc/strongswan.conf
• /etc/strongswan.d/
• /etc/swanctl/swanctl.conf
• /etc/swanctl/
• swanctl
• /etc/wireguard/
• wg
• ip

Topic 329: Threats and Vulnerability Assessment

329.1 Common Vulnerabilities and Attacks (weight: 2)

Weight	2
Description	Candidates should understand the principle of major types of security vulnerabilities and attacks.

Key Knowledge Areas:

• Conceptual understanding of threats against individual nodes
• Conceptual understanding of threats against networks
• Conceptual understanding of threats against application
• Conceptual understanding of threats against credentials and confidentiality

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

• Trojans
• Viruses
• Rootkits
• Keylogger
• DoS and DDoS
• Man in the Middle
• ARP and NDP forgery
• Rogue Access Points, Routers and DHCP servers
• Link layer address and IP address spoofing
• Buffer Overflows
• SQL and Code Injections
• Cross Site Scripting
• Cross Site Request Forgery
• Privilege escalation
• Brute Force Attacks
• Rainbow tables
• Phishing
• Social Engineering

329.2 Penetration Testing (weight: 4)

Weight	4
Description	Candidates should be able to confirm the effectiveness of security measures by conducting penetration tests against their own systems.

Key Knowledge Areas:

• Understand the concepts of penetration testing and ethical hacking
• Understand legal obligations of penetration testing
• Set up isolated penetration testing environments
• Phases of penetration tests, such as active and passive information gathering, enumeration, gaining access, privilege escalation, access maintenance, covering tracks
• Understand the architecture and components of Metasploit, including module types
• Use Metasploit for penetration testing, including database management
• Understand and generate shellcode for use with Metasploit
• Use meterpreter to investigate and exploit a target system
• Use recogn-ng
• Use the Social Engineer Toolkit (SET)
• Understand and use the load / use / show / set / run command sequence used by several penetration testing frameworks
• Awareness of training targets, i.e. Metasploitable 1, 2 and 3, OWASP Broken Web Applications and Web Application Dojo
• Awareness of Armitage
• Awareness of Kali Linux

Partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

• msfconsole, including important commands
• msfvenom
• meterpreter, including important commands
• recogn-ng, including important commands
• setooolkit, including important commands