LPIC-1 Objectives V3(TR)

Introduction

This is a required exam for LPIC-1 or LPI certification Level 1. It covers basic skills for the Linux professional that are common across all distributions of Linux.

This page covers the currently released objective for the LPIC-1 certification.

Sürüm Bilgisi

Buradaki hedefle 3.0.2 sürümüne aittir.

2.x sürümünden 3.x sürümüne geçişteki değişikliklere ait özet ve detaylı bilgiler için buraya bakabilirsiniz.

Ekler

Ek (1 Nisan 2009)

• dropped X Font Server coverage to awareness level in 106.1 key knowledge area

Ek (1 Ocak 2009)

• add TZ env variable to 107.3 partial file list
• add .bash_history to 103.1 to key terms list

Translations of Objectives

The following translations of the objectives are available on this wiki:

• Catalan (currently 101 only)
• German
• Portuguese(Portugal)
• French
• Spanish
• Russian
• Greek
• Turkish

Objectives: Exam 101

Başlık 101: System Architecture

101.1 Determine and configure hardware settings

Ağırlık	2
Açıklama	Candidates should be able to determine and configure fundamental system hardware.

Temel Bilgi Alanları:

• Enable and disable integrated peripherals.
• Configure systems with or without external peripherals such as keyboards.
• Differentiate between the various types of mass storage devices.
• Set the correct hardware ID for different devices, especially the boot device.
• Know the differences between coldplug and hotplug devices.
• Determine hardware resources for devices.
• Tools and utilities to list various hardware information (e.g. lsusb, lspci, etc.)
• Tools and utilities to manipulate USB devices
• Conceptual understanding of sysfs, udev, hald, dbus

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

• /sys
• /proc
• /dev
• modprobe
• lsmod
• lspci
• lsusb

101.2 Boot the system

Ağırlık	3
Açıklama	Candidates should be able to guide the system through the booting process.

Temel Bilgi Alanları:

• Provide common commands to the boot loader and options to the kernel at boot time.
• Demonstrate knowledge of the boot sequence from BIOS to boot completion.
• Check boot events in the log files.

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

• /var/log/messages
• dmesg
• BIOS
• bootloader
• kernel
• init

101.3 Change runlevels and shutdown or reboot system

Ağırlık	3
Açıklama	Candidates should be able to manage the runlevel of the system. This objective includes changing to single user mode, shutdown or rebooting the system. Candidates should be able to alert users before switching run level and properly terminate processes. This objective also includes setting the default run level.

Temel Bilgi Alanları:

• Set the default run level.
• Change between run levels including single user mode.
• Shutdown and reboot from the command line.
• Alert users before switching run levels or other major system event.
• Properly terminate processes.

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

• /etc/inittab
• shutdown
• init
• /etc/init.d
• telinit

Başlık 102: Linux Installation and Package Management

102.1 Design hard disk layout

Ağırlık	2
Açıklama	Candidates should be able to design a disk partitioning scheme for a Linux system.

Temel Bilgi Alanları:

• Allocate filesystems and swap space to separate partitions or disks.
• Tailor the design to the intended use of the system.
• Ensure the /boot partition conforms to the hardware architecture requirements for booting.

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

• / (root) filesystem
• /var filesystem
• /home filesystem
• swap space
• mount points
• partitions

102.2 Install a boot manager

Ağırlık	2
Açıklama	Candidates should be able to select, install and configure a boot manager.

Temel Bilgi Alanları:

• Providing alternative boot locations and backup boot options.
• Install and configure a boot loader such as GRUB.
• Interact with the boot loader.

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

• /boot/grub/menu.lst
• grub-install
• MBR
• superblock
• /etc/lilo.conf
• lilo

102.3 Manage shared libraries

Ağırlık	1
Açıklama	Candidates should be able to determine the shared libraries that executable programs depend on and install them when necessary.

Temel Bilgi Alanları:

• Identify shared libraries.
• Identify the typical locations of system libraries.
• Load shared libraries.

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

• ldd
• ldconfig
• /etc/ld.so.conf
• LD_LIBRARY_PATH

102.4 Use Debian package management

Ağırlık	3
Açıklama	Candidates should be able to perform package management using the Debian package tools.

Temel Bilgi Alanları:

• Install, upgrade and uninstall Debian binary packages.
• Find packages containing specific files or libraries which may or may not be installed.
• Obtain package information like version, content, dependencies, package integrity and installation status (whether or not the package is installed).

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

• /etc/apt/sources.list
• dpkg
• dpkg-reconfigure
• apt-get
• apt-cache
• aptitude

102.5 Use RPM and YUM package management

Ağırlık	3
Açıklama	Candidates should be able to perform package management using RPM and YUM tools.

Temel Bilgi Alanları:

• Install, re-install, upgrade and remove packages using RPM and YUM.
• Obtain information on RPM packages such as version, status, dependencies, integrity and signatures.
• Determine what files a package provides, as well as find which package a specific file comes from.

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

• rpm
• rpm2cpio
• /etc/yum.conf
• /etc/yum.repos.d/
• yum
• yumdownloader

Başlık 103: GNU and Unix Commands

103.1 Work on the command line

Ağırlık	4
Açıklama	Candidates should be able to interact with shells and commands using the command line. The objective assumes the bash shell.

Temel Bilgi Alanları:

• Use single shell commands and one line command sequences to perform basic tasks on the command line.
• Use and modify the shell environment including defining, referencing and exporting environment variables.
• Use and edit command history.
• Invoke commands inside and outside the defined path.

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

• .
• bash
• echo
• env
• exec
• export
• pwd
• set
• unset
• man
• uname
• history

103.2 Process text streams using filters

Ağırlık	3
Açıklama	Candidates should should be able to apply filters to text streams.

Temel Bilgi Alanları:

• Send text files and output streams through text utility filters to modify the output using standard UNIX commands found in the GNU textutils package.

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

• cat
• cut
• expand
• fmt
• head
• od
• join
• nl
• paste
• pr
• sed
• sort
• split
• tail
• tr
• unexpand
• uniq
• wc

103.3 Perform basic file management

Ağırlık	4
Açıklama	Candidates should be able to use the basic Linux commands to manage files and directories.

Temel Bilgi Alanları:

• Copy, move and remove files and directories individually.
• Copy multiple files and directories recursively.
• Remove files and directories recursively.
• Use simple and advanced wildcard specifications in commands.
• Using find to locate and act on files based on type, size, or time.
• Usage of tar, cpio and dd.

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

• cp
• find
• mkdir
• mv
• ls
• rm
• rmdir
• touch
• tar
• cpio
• dd
• file
• gzip
• gunzip
• bzip2
• file globbing

103.4 Use streams, pipes and redirects

Ağırlık	4
Açıklama	Candidates should be able to redirect streams and connect them in order to efficiently process textual data. Tasks include redirecting standard input, standard output and standard error, piping the output of one command to the input of another command, using the output of one command as arguments to another command and sending output to both stdout and a file.

Temel Bilgi Alanları:

• Redirecting standard input, standard output and standard error.
• Pipe the output of one command to the input of another command.
• Use the output of one command as arguments to another command.
• Send output to both stdout and a file.

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

• tee
• xargs

103.5 Create, monitor and kill processes

Ağırlık	4
Açıklama	Candidates should be able to perform basic process management.

Temel Bilgi Alanları:

• Run jobs in the foreground and background.
• Signal a program to continue running after logout.
• Monitor active processes.
• Select and sort processes for display.
• Send signals to processes.

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

• &
• bg
• fg
• jobs
• kill
• nohup
• ps
• top
• free
• uptime
• killall

103.6 Modify process execution priorities

Ağırlık	2
Açıklama	Candidates should should be able to manage process execution priorities.

Temel Bilgi Alanları:

• Know the default priority of a job that is created.
• Run a program with higher or lower priority than the default..
• Change the priority of a running process.

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

• nice
• ps
• renice
• top

103.7 Search text files using regular expressions

Ağırlık	2
Açıklama	Candidates should be able to manipulate files and text data using regular expressions. This objective includes creating simple regular expressions containing several notational elements. It also includes using regular expression tools to perform searches through a filesystem or file content.

Temel Bilgi Alanları:

• Create simple regular expressions containing several notational elements.
• Use regular expression tools to perform searches through a filesystem or file content.

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

• grep
• egrep
• fgrep
• sed
• regex(7)

103.8 Perform basic file editing operations using vi

Ağırlık	3
Açıklama	Candidates should be able to edit text files using vi. This objective includes vi navigation, basic vi modes, inserting, editing, deleting, copying and finding text.

Temel Bilgi Alanları:

• Navigate a document using vi.
• Use basic vi modes.
• Insert, edit, delete, copy and find text.

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

• vi
• /, ?
• h,j,k,l
• i, o, a
• c, d, p, y, dd, yy
• ZZ, :w!, :q!, :e!

Başlık 104: Devices, Linux Filesystems, Filesystem Hierarchy Standard

104.1 Create partitions and filesystems

Ağırlık	2
Açıklama	Candidates should be able to configure disk partitions and then create filesystems on media such as hard disks. This includes the handling of swap partitions.

Temel Bilgi Alanları:

• Use various mkfs commands to set up partitions and create various filesystems such as:
  • ext2
  • ext3
  • xfs
  • reiserfs v3
  • vfat

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

• fdisk
• mkfs
• mkswap

104.2 Maintain the integrity of filesystems

Ağırlık	2
Açıklama	Candidates should be able to maintain a standard filesystem, as well as the extra data associated with a journaling filesystem.

Temel Bilgi Alanları:

• Verify the integrity of filesystems.
• Monitor free space and inodes.
• Repair simple filesystem problems.

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

• du
• df
• fsck
• e2fsck
• mke2fs
• debugfs
• dumpe2fs
• tune2fs
• xfs tools (such as xfs_metadump and xfs_info)

104.3 Control mounting and unmounting of filesystems

Ağırlık	3
Açıklama	Candidates should be able to configure the mounting of a filesystem.

Temel Bilgi Alanları:

• Manually mount and unmount filesystems.
• Configure filesystem mounting on bootup.
• Configure user mountable removable filesystems.

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

• /etc/fstab
• /media
• mount
• umount

104.4 Manage disk quotas

Ağırlık	1
Açıklama	Candidates should be able to manage disk quotas for users.

Temel Bilgi Alanları:

• Set up a disk quota for a filesystem.
• Edit, check and generate user quota reports.

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

• quota
• edquota
• repquota
• quotaon

104.5 Manage file permissions and ownership

Ağırlık	3
Açıklama	Candidates should be able to control file access through the proper use of permissions and ownerships.

Temel Bilgi Alanları:

• Manage access permissions on regular and special files as well as directories.
• Use access modes such as suid, sgid and the sticky bit to maintain security.
• Know how to change the file creation mask.
• Use the group field to grant file access to group members.

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

• chmod
• umask
• chown
• chgrp

104.6 Create and change hard and symbolic links

Ağırlık	2
Açıklama	Candidates should be able to create and manage hard and symbolic links to a file.

Temel Bilgi Alanları:

• Create links.
• Identify hard and/or soft links.
• Copying versus linking files.
• Use links to support system administration tasks.

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

• ln

104.7 Find system files and place files in the correct location

Ağırlık	2
Açıklama	Candidates should be thoroughly familiar with the Filesystem Hierarchy Standard (FHS), including typical file locations and directory classifications.

Temel Bilgi Alanları:

• Understand the correct locations of files under the FHS.
• Find files and commands on a Linux system.
• Know the location and purpose of important file and directories as defined in the FHS.

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

• find
• locate
• updatedb
• whereis
• which
• type
• /etc/updatedb.conf

Objectives: Exam 102

Başlık 105: Shells, Scripting and Data Management

105.1 Customize and use the shell environment

Ağırlık	4
Açıklama	Candidates should be able to customize shell environments to meet users' needs. Candidates should be able to modify global and user profiles.

Temel Bilgi Alanları:

• Set environment variables (e.g. PATH) at login or when spawning a new shell.
• Write BASH functions for frequently used sequences of commands.
• Maintain skeleton directories for new user accounts.
• Set command search path with the proper directory.

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

• /etc/profile
• env
• export
• set
• unset
• ~/.bash_profile
• ~/.bash_login
• ~/.profile
• ~/.bashrc
• ~/.bash_logout
• function
• alias
• lists

105.2 Customize or write simple scripts

Ağırlık	4
Açıklama	Candidates should be able to customize existing scripts, or write simple new BASH scripts.

Temel Bilgi Alanları:

• Use standard sh syntax (loops, tests).
• Use command substitution.
• Test return values for success or failure or other information provided by a command.
• Perform conditional mailing to the superuser.
• Correctly select the script interpreter through the shebang (#!) line.
• Manage the location, ownership, execution and suid-rights of scripts.

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

• for
• while
• test
• if
• read
• seq

105.3 SQL data management

Ağırlık	2
Açıklama	Candidates should be able to query databases and manipulate data using basic SQL commands. This objective includes performing queries involving joining of 2 tables and/or subselects.

Temel Bilgi Alanları:

• Use of basic SQL commands.
• Perform basic data manipulation.

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

• insert
• update
• select
• delete
• from
• where
• group by
• order by
• join

Başlık 106: User Interfaces and Desktops

106.1 Install and configure X11

Ağırlık	2
Açıklama	Candidates should be able to install and configure X11.

Temel Bilgi Alanları:

• Verify that the video card and monitor are supported by an X server.
• Awareness of the X font server.
• Basic understanding and knowledge of the X Window configuration file.

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

• /etc/X11/xorg.conf
• xhost
• DISPLAY
• xwininfo
• xdpyinfo
• X

106.2 Setup a display manager

Ağırlık	2
Açıklama	Candidates should be able to setup and customize a display manager. This objective covers the display managers XDM (X Display Manger), GDM (Gnome Display Manager) and KDM (KDE Display Manager).

Temel Bilgi Alanları:

• Turn the display manager on or off.
• Change the display manager greeting.
• Change default color depth for the display manager.
• Configure display managers for use by X-stations.

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

• /etc/inittab
• xdm configuration files
• kdm configuration files
• gdm configuration files

106.3 Accessibility

Ağırlık	1
Açıklama	Demonstrate knowledge and awareness of accessibility technologies.

Temel Bilgi Alanları:

• Keyboard Accessibility Settings (AccessX)
• Visual Settings and Themes
• Assistive Technology (ATs)

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

• Sticky/Repeat Keys
• Slow/Bounce/Toggle Keys
• Mouse Keys
• High Contrast/Large Print Desktop Themes
• Screen Reader
• Braille Display
• Screen Magnifier
• On-Screen Keyboard
• Gestures (used at login, for example gdm)
• Orca
• GOK
• emacspeak

Başlık 107: Administrative Tasks

107.1 Manage user and group accounts and related system files

Ağırlık	5
Açıklama	Candidates should be able to add, remove, suspend and change user accounts.

Temel Bilgi Alanları:

• Add, modify and remove users and groups.
• Manage user/group info in password/group databases.
• Create and manage special purpose and limited accounts.

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

• /etc/passwd
• /etc/shadow
• /etc/group
• /etc/skel
• chage
• groupadd
• groupdel
• groupmod
• passwd
• useradd
• userdel
• usermod

107.2 Automate system administration tasks by scheduling jobs

Ağırlık	4
Açıklama	Candidates should be able to use cron or anacron to run jobs at regular intervals and to use at to run jobs at a specific time.

Temel Bilgi Alanları:

• Manage cron and at jobs.
• Configure user access to cron and at services.

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

• /etc/cron.{d,daily,hourly,monthly,weekly}
• /etc/at.deny
• /etc/at.allow
• /etc/crontab
• /etc/cron.allow
• /etc/cron.deny
• /var/spool/cron/*
• crontab
• at
• atq
• atrm

107.3 Localisation and internationalisation

Ağırlık	3
Açıklama	Candidates should be able to localize a system in a different language than English. As well, an understanding of why LANG=C is useful when scripting.

Temel Bilgi Alanları:

• Locale settings.
• Timezone settings.

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

• /etc/timezone
• /etc/localtime
• /usr/share/zoneinfo
• Environment variables:
  • LC_*
  • LC_ALL
  • LANG
• /usr/bin/locale
• tzselect
• tzconfig
• date
• iconv
• UTF-8
• ISO-8859
• ASCII
• Unicode

Başlık 108: Essential System Services

108.1 Maintain system time

Ağırlık	3
Açıklama	Candidates should be able to properly maintain the system time and synchronize the clock via NTP.

Temel Bilgi Alanları:

• Set the system date and time.
• Set the hardware clock to the correct time in UTC.
• Configure the correct timezone.
• Basic NTP configuration.
• Knowledge of using the pool.ntp.org service

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

• /usr/share/zoneinfo
• /etc/timezone
• /etc/localtime
• /etc/ntp.conf
• date
• hwclock
• ntpd
• ntpdate
• pool.ntp.org

108.2 System logging

Ağırlık	2
Açıklama	Candidates should be able to configure the syslog daemon. This objective also includes configuring the logging daemon to send log output to a central log server or accept log output as a central log server.

Temel Bilgi Alanları:

• syslog configuration files
• syslog
• standard facilities, priorities and actions

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

• syslog.conf
• syslogd
• klogd
• logger

108.3 Mail Transfer Agent (MTA) basics

Ağırlık	3
Açıklama	Candidates should be aware of the commonly available MTA programs and be able to perform basic forward and alias configuration on a client host. Other configuration files are not covered.

Temel Bilgi Alanları:

• Create e-mail aliases.
• Configure e-mail forwarding.
• Knowledge of commonly available MTA programs (postfix, sendmail, qmail, exim) (no configuration)

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

• ~/.forward
• sendmail emulation layer commands
• newaliases
• mail
• mailq
• postfix
• sendmail
• exim
• qmail

108.4 Manage printers and printing

Ağırlık	2
Açıklama	Candidates should be able to manage print queues and user print jobs using CUPS and the LPD compatibility interface.

Temel Bilgi Alanları:

• Basic CUPS configuration (for local and remote printers).
• Manage user print queues.
• Troubleshoot general printing problems.
• Add and remove jobs from configured printer queues.

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

• CUPS configuration files, tools and utilities
• /etc/cups
• lpd legacy interface (lpr, lprm, lpq)

Başlık 109: Networking Fundamentals

109.1 Fundamentals of internet protocols

Ağırlık	4
Açıklama	Candidates should demonstrate a proper understanding of TCP/IP network fundamentals.

Temel Bilgi Alanları:

• Demonstrate an understanding network masks.
• Knowledge of the differences between private and public "dotted quad" IP-Addresses.
• Setting a default route.
• Knowledge about common TCP and UDP ports (20, 21, 22, 23, 25, 53, 80, 110, 119, 139, 143, 161, 443, 465, 993, 995).
• Knowledge about the differences and major features of UDP, TCP and ICMP.
• Knowledge of the major differences between IPv4 and IPV6.

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

• /etc/services
• ftp
• telnet
• host
• ping
• dig
• traceroute
• tracepath

109.2 Basic network configuration

Ağırlık	4
Açıklama	Candidates should be able to view, change and verify configuration settings on client hosts.

Temel Bilgi Alanları:

• Manually and automatically configure network interfaces
• Basic TCP/IP host configuration.

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

• /etc/hostname
• /etc/hosts
• /etc/resolv.conf
• /etc/nsswitch.conf
• ifconfig
• ifup
• ifdown
• route
• ping

109.3 Basic network troubleshooting

Ağırlık	4
Açıklama	Candidates should be able to troubleshoot networking issues on client hosts.

Temel Bilgi Alanları:

• Manually and automatically configure network interfaces and routing tables to include adding, starting, stopping, restarting, deleting or reconfiguring network interfaces.
• Change, view, or configure the routing table and correct an improperly set default route manually.
• Debug problems associated with the network configuration.

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

• ifconfig
• ifup
• ifdown
• route
• host
• hostname
• dig
• netstat
• ping
• traceroute

109.4 Configure client side DNS

Ağırlık	2
Açıklama	Candidates should be able to configure DNS on a client host.

Temel Bilgi Alanları:

• Demonstrate the use of DNS on the local system.
• Modify the order in which name resolution is done.

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

• /etc/hosts
• /etc/resolv.conf
• /etc/nsswitch.conf

Başlık 110: Security

110.1 Perform security administration tasks

Ağırlık	3
Açıklama	Candidates should know how to review system configuration to ensure host security in accordance with local security policies.

Temel Bilgi Alanları:

• Audit a system to find files with the suid/sgid bit set.
• Set or change user passwords and password aging information.
• Being able to use nmap and netstat to discover open ports on a system.
• Set up limits on user logins, processes and memory usage.
• Basic sudo configuration and usage.

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

• find
• passwd
• lsof
• nmap
• chage
• netstat
• sudo
• /etc/sudoers
• su
• usermod
• ulimit

110.2 Setup host security

Ağırlık	3
Açıklama	Candidates should know how to set up a basic level of host security.

Temel Bilgi Alanları:

• Awareness of shadow passwords and how they work.
• Turn off network services not in use.
• Understand the role of TCP wrappers.

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

• /etc/nologin
• /etc/passwd
• /etc/shadow
• /etc/xinetd.d/*
• /etc/xinetd.conf
• /etc/inetd.d/*
• /etc/inetd.conf
• /etc/inittab
• /etc/init.d/*
• /etc/hosts.allow
• /etc/hosts.deny

110.3 Securing data with encryption

Ağırlık	3
Açıklama	The candidate should be able to use public key techniques to secure data and communication.

Temel Bilgi Alanları:

• Perform basic OpenSSH 2 client configuration and usage.
• Understand the role of OpenSSH 2 server host keys
• Perform basic GnuPG configuration and usage.
• Understand SSH port tunnels (including X11 tunnels).

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

• ssh
• ssh-keygen
• ssh-agent
• ssh-add
• ~/.ssh/id_rsa and id_rsa.pub
• ~/.ssh/id_dsa and id_dsa.pub
• /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key and ssh_host_rsa_key.pub
• /etc/ssh/ssh_host_dsa_key and ssh_host_dsa_key.pub
• ~/.ssh/authorized_keys
• /etc/ssh_known_hosts
• gpg
• ~/.gnupg/*