LPI Wiki - User contributions [en]

Free Training Materials

2017-01-30T20:17:50Z

CesarBrod: /* Non-Free Materials */

__FORCETOC__
==Introduction==

Here are a list of training materials for the LPI exams. Feel free to add to the list.

==Linux Essentials==

* [https://www.tuxcademy.org/media/lxes/ Tuxcademy(DE)]
* [https://www.linuxcertification.co.za/sites/default/files/linux-esentials-manual.pdf Linup Front(v1.0 EN)]
* [https://lcnsqr.com/curso-linux-essentials Luciano Siqueira(PT)]

==LPIC-1==

* [https://www.tuxcademy.org/media/lpic1/ Tuxcademy(EN, DE)]
* [http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/linux/lpi/101.html IBM developerWorks(EN)]

==LPIC-2==

* [https://www.tuxcademy.org/media/lpic2/ Tuxcademy(DE)]
* [http://lpic2.unix.nl/ Snow(EN)] or in [http://lpic2.unix.nl/lpic2.pdf PDF(EN)]
* [http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/linux/lpi/201.html IBM developerWorks(EN)]
* [https://www.lisenet.com/lpic-2/ Lisenet(EN)]

==LPIC-3==

===300 Mixed Environments===

* coming

===303 Security===

* coming

===304 Virtualization and High Availability===

* [https://www.lisenet.com/lpic-3/ Lisenet(EN)]
* [http://lpi.tecnoapp.com.br/index.php/Main_Page Tecnoapp(PT-BR)]

==Non-Free Materials==
'''Em Português - In Portuguese'''

*[https://novatec.com.br/livros/certificacao-linux-lpic1/ Livro Certificação Linux LPIC-1], por Daniel Moreno

Conhecer Linux já não é mais um diferencial; é obrigação. A cada dia, empresas buscam profissionais com conhecimento em Linux para administrar e operar seus servidores e datacenters. A implementação de sistemas Linux e de software livre em grandes corporações vem crescendo, e consequentemente a busca por profissionais qualificados que saibam operar e administrar essas redes também aumenta. A certificação Linux LPI (Linux Professional Institute) é uma das principais certificações que um profissional Linux pode agregar ao seu currículo.

A certificação LPI divide o conteúdo de suas provas em três certificações: LPIC 1, 2 e 3. As certificações LPIC-1 e LPIC-2 são divididas em dois subexames: LPIC-101 e LPIC-102 (juntas formam a certificação LPIC-1) e LPIC-201 e LPIC-202 (juntas formam a certificação LPIC-2). A certificação LPIC-3 é um exame mais específico; o candidato deve ser aprovado em pelo menos um dos três exames: LPIC-300 (ambiente misto), LPIC-303 (segurança) ou LPIC-304 (virtualização e alta disponibilidade). Para obter a certificação LPIC-3, o candidato deve ter a LPIC-2 e LPIC-1; para obter a LPIC-2, o candidato deve ter a LPIC-1; a certificação LPIC-1 não tem pré-requisitos.

Com o intuito de preparar o leitor para a certificação LPIC-1, o livro, recheado com exemplos práticos, fornecerá todo o conhecimento necessário para que o leitor agregue a certificação LPI ao seu currículo.

Free Training Materials

2017-01-30T20:17:12Z

CesarBrod: /* Non-Free Materials */

__FORCETOC__
==Introduction==

Here are a list of training materials for the LPI exams. Feel free to add to the list.

==Linux Essentials==

* [https://www.tuxcademy.org/media/lxes/ Tuxcademy(DE)]
* [https://www.linuxcertification.co.za/sites/default/files/linux-esentials-manual.pdf Linup Front(v1.0 EN)]
* [https://lcnsqr.com/curso-linux-essentials Luciano Siqueira(PT)]

==LPIC-1==

* [https://www.tuxcademy.org/media/lpic1/ Tuxcademy(EN, DE)]
* [http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/linux/lpi/101.html IBM developerWorks(EN)]

==LPIC-2==

* [https://www.tuxcademy.org/media/lpic2/ Tuxcademy(DE)]
* [http://lpic2.unix.nl/ Snow(EN)] or in [http://lpic2.unix.nl/lpic2.pdf PDF(EN)]
* [http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/linux/lpi/201.html IBM developerWorks(EN)]
* [https://www.lisenet.com/lpic-2/ Lisenet(EN)]

==LPIC-3==

===300 Mixed Environments===

* coming

===303 Security===

* coming

===304 Virtualization and High Availability===

* [https://www.lisenet.com/lpic-3/ Lisenet(EN)]
* [http://lpi.tecnoapp.com.br/index.php/Main_Page Tecnoapp(PT-BR)]

==Non-Free Materials==

Em Português - In Portuguese

*[https://novatec.com.br/livros/certificacao-linux-lpic1/ Livro Certificação Linux LPIC-1], por Daniel Moreno

Conhecer Linux já não é mais um diferencial; é obrigação. A cada dia, empresas buscam profissionais com conhecimento em Linux para administrar e operar seus servidores e datacenters. A implementação de sistemas Linux e de software livre em grandes corporações vem crescendo, e consequentemente a busca por profissionais qualificados que saibam operar e administrar essas redes também aumenta. A certificação Linux LPI (Linux Professional Institute) é uma das principais certificações que um profissional Linux pode agregar ao seu currículo.

A certificação LPI divide o conteúdo de suas provas em três certificações: LPIC 1, 2 e 3. As certificações LPIC-1 e LPIC-2 são divididas em dois subexames: LPIC-101 e LPIC-102 (juntas formam a certificação LPIC-1) e LPIC-201 e LPIC-202 (juntas formam a certificação LPIC-2). A certificação LPIC-3 é um exame mais específico; o candidato deve ser aprovado em pelo menos um dos três exames: LPIC-300 (ambiente misto), LPIC-303 (segurança) ou LPIC-304 (virtualização e alta disponibilidade). Para obter a certificação LPIC-3, o candidato deve ter a LPIC-2 e LPIC-1; para obter a LPIC-2, o candidato deve ter a LPIC-1; a certificação LPIC-1 não tem pré-requisitos.

Com o intuito de preparar o leitor para a certificação LPIC-1, o livro, recheado com exemplos práticos, fornecerá todo o conhecimento necessário para que o leitor agregue a certificação LPI ao seu currículo.

LinuxEssentials Objectives V1.5(PT-BR)

2016-08-29T20:52:16Z

CesarBrod:

__FORCETOC__
==Apresentação e Oficinas de Desenvolvimento de Exames==

A descrição de todo o programa Linux Essentials é apresentada [[LinuxEssentialsProgrammeBR|aqui]].

O propósito da Certificação Linux Essentials é definir o conhecimento básico necessário para o uso competente de um desktop ou dispositivo móvel com o sistema operacional Linux instalado. O programa Linux Essentials associado irá guiar e incentivar jovens (e todos aqueles que estão conhecendo Linux e outros softwares de código livre e aberto) a entender o papel do Linux e do Software Livre no contexto amplo da indústria de tecnologia da informação.

==FAQ==

Perguntas e respostas sobre o programa e o exame Linux Essentials estão listadas [[LinuxEssentials/FAQs(PT-BR)|aqui]].

==Descrição Mínima do Candidato Qualificado==

Apresentamos, aqui, a descrição de um candidato que está apenas minimamente qualificado para passar no exame LPI Linux Essentials. Essa pessoa hipotética é chamada de Candidato Minimamente Qualificado (do inglês, MQC - Minimally Qualified Candidate). Os padrões do exame Linux Essentials estão configurados de maneira que essa pessoa (e outras ainda mais capazes) podem ser certificadas, mas qualquer outra que for menos capaz não será certificada.

O candidato de sucesso deve ter o conhecimento básico do mercado de Linux e Software Livre e o conhecimento dos aplicativos mais populares em Software Livre. O candidato deve conhecer os principais componentes do sistema operacional Linux e ter proficiência técnica para trabalhar com o Linux na linha de comando. O MQC tem conhecimento básico de tópicos relacionados à segurança e administração, tais como a gestão de usuários e grupos e usar a linha de comando na configuração de permissões. Aquele que possui o certificado Linux Essentials é, muito provavelmente, o usuário de alto nível de um ambiente Linux.

O '''Portador de um Certificado Linux Essentials''', tipicamente:

* tem um conhecimento básico das várias comunidades e licenças de software livre e de código aberto (FOSS - Free and Open Source Software);
* entende os conceitos básicos de processos, programas e os componentes de um sistema operacional;
* tem conhecimento básico do hardware de um computador;
* tem uma visão básica de segurança de sistema, usuários, grupos e permissões de arquivos em diretórios públicos e privados;
* tem o entendimento básico de como tornar um sistema acessível e é capaz de conectá-lo a outros computadores um uma rede local (LAN - Local Area Network);
* demonstra o conhecimento de aplicações em código livre e aberto no ambiente de trabalho e sabe quais são os equivalentes aos de software fechado;
* sabe navegar pelo sistema em um desktop Linux e onde procurar ajuda;
* tem habilidade rudimentar para trabalhar na linha de comando e com arquivos;
* faz simples cópias de segurança (backups) e as restaura;
* é capaz de usar um editor em modo texto, chamado a partir da linha de comando;
* sabe o que é a compressão de arquivos;
* tem a habilidade de criar e executar scripts simples.

==Informação da Versão==

A versão desses objetivos é a 1.5.

Há também [[LESummaryVersion1To1.5BR|um sumário e informações detalhadas]] sobre as mudanças da versão dos objetivos 1.0 para a 1.5.

Os [[LinuxEssentials Objectives V1BR|objetivos da versão 1]] podem ser encontrados [[LinuxEssentials Objectives V1BR|aqui]].

==Addenda==

There are currently no addenda.

==Traduções de objetivos==

As seguintes traduções de objetivos estão disponíveis nesta wiki:

* [[LinuxEssentials Objectives V1.5|English]].
* [[LinuxEssentials Objectives V1.5(AR)|Arabic]].
* [[LinuxEssentials Objectives V1.5(PT-BR)|BrazilianPortuguese]].
* [[LinuxEssentials Objectives V1.5(FR)|French]].
* [[LinuxEssentials Objectives V1.5(DE)|German]].
* [[LinuxEssentials Objectives V1.5(EL)|Greek]].
* [[LinuxEssentials Objectives V1.5(ES)|Spanish]].
* [[LinuxEssentials Objectives V1.5(TR)|Turkish]].
* [[LinuxEssentials Objectives V1.5(IT)|Italian]].
* [[LinuxEssentials Objectives V1.5(NL)|Dutch]].

==Objetivos==

===''Tópico 1: A comunidade Linux e a carreira Open Source (peso: 7)''===

====1.1 A evolução do linux e sistemas operacionais populares====

{|
| style="background:#dadada" |

'''Peso'''

| style="background:#eaeaea" | 2
|-
| style="background:#dadada; padding-right:1em" |

'''Descrição'''

| style="background:#eaeaea" |

Conhecimento de desenvolvimento em Linux e suas principais distribuições.

|}

'''Áreas chave de conhecimento:'''

* Filosofia Open Source
* Distribuições
* Sistemas Embarcados

'''Segue uma lista parcial dos arquivos, termos e utilitários utilizados:'''

* Android
* Debian, Ubuntu (LTS)
* CentOS, openSUSE, Red Hat
* Linux Mint, Scientific Linux

====1.2 Principais Aplicações Open Source====

{|
| style="background:#dadada" |

'''Peso'''

| style="background:#eaeaea" | 2
|-
| style="background:#dadada; padding-right:1em" |

'''Descrição'''

| style="background:#eaeaea" |

Reconhecimento das aplicações principais, bem como seu desenvolvimento e seus usos.

|}

'''Áreas chave de conhecimento:'''

* Aplicações Desktop
* Aplicações em Servidores
* Linguagens de desenvolvimento
* Ferramentas de gerenciamento de pacotes e repositórios

'''Segue uma lista parcial de arquivos, termos e utilitários utilizados:'''

* OpenOffice.org, LibreOffice, Thunderbird, Firefox, GIMP
* Apache HTTPD, NGINX, MySQL, NFS, Samba
* C, Java, Perl, shell, Python, PHP
* dpkg, apt-get, rpm, yum

====1.3 Entendendo o Software Open Source e suas Licenças====

{|
| style="background:#dadada" |

'''Peso'''

| style="background:#eaeaea" | 1
|-
| style="background:#dadada; padding-right:1em" |

'''Descrição'''

| style="background:#eaeaea" |

Comunidades abertas e licenciamento de software Open Source para negócios.

|}

'''Áreas chave de conhecimento:'''

* Licenciamento
* Free Software Foundation (FSF), Open Source Initiative (OSI)

'''Segue uma lista parcial de arquivos, termos e utilitários utilizados:'''

* GPL, BSD, Creative Commons
* Free Software, Open Source Software, FOSS, FLOSS
* Modelos de negócios Open Source

====1.4 Habilidades ICT e trabalhando no Linux====

{|
| style="background:#dadada" |

'''Peso'''

| style="background:#eaeaea" | 2
|-
| style="background:#dadada; padding-right:1em" |

'''Descrição'''

| style="background:#eaeaea" |

Habilidades básicas em ICT (Basic Information and Communication Technology) e trabalhando no linux.

|}

'''Áreas chave de conhecimento:'''

* Habilidades Desktop
* Chegando à linha de comando
* Usos industriais para Linux, computação em nuvem e virtualização

'''Segue uma lista parcial de arquivos, termos e utilitários utilizados:'''

* Usando um navegador, questões de privacidade, opções de configuração, procurando na web e salvando conteúdo
* Terminal e Console
* Senhas
* Questões e ferramentas relacionadas à privacidade
* Uso de aplicações Open Source populares em apresentações e projetos

===''Tópico 2: Encontrando seu caminho em um Sistema Linux (peso: 9)''===

====2.1 O básico sobre a linha de comando====

{|
| style="background:#dadada" |

'''Peso'''

| style="background:#eaeaea" | 3
|-
| style="background:#dadada; padding-right:1em" |

'''Descrição'''

| style="background:#eaeaea" |

Básico de como usar a linha de comando no Linux

|}

'''Áreas chave de conhecimento:'''

* Shell básico
* Sintaxe da linha de comando
* Variáveis
* Globbing
* Quoting

'''Segue uma lista parcial de arquivos, termos e utilitários utilizados:'''

* Bash
* echo
* history
* Variável de ambiente PATH
* export
* type

====2.2 Usando a linha de comando para conseguir ajuda ====

{|
| style="background:#dadada" |

'''Peso'''

| style="background:#eaeaea" | 2
|-
| style="background:#dadada; padding-right:1em" |

'''Descrição'''

| style="background:#eaeaea" |

Rodando comandos de ajuda e de navegação de vários sistemas de ajuda.

|}

'''Áreas chave de conhecimento:'''

* Man
* Info

'''Segue uma lista parcial de arquivos, termos e utilitários utilizados:'''

* man
* info
* páginas Man
* /usr/share/doc/
* locate

====2.3 Usando diretórios e listando arquivos====

{|
| style="background:#dadada" |

'''Peso'''

| style="background:#eaeaea" | 2
|-
| style="background:#dadada; padding-right:1em" |

'''Descrição'''

| style="background:#eaeaea" |

Navegação no diretório home e nos diretórios do sistema. Listando arquivos em vários locais.

|}

'''Áreas chave de conhecimento:'''

* Arquivos, diretórios
* Arquivos e diretórios ocultos
* Home
* Caminhos relativos e absolutos

'''Segue uma lista parcial de arquivos, termos e utilitários utilizados:'''

* Opções comuns para ls
* Listagens recursivas
* cd
* '''.''' e '''..'''
* home e ~

====2.4 Criando, Movendo e Deletando Arquivos====

{|
| style="background:#dadada" |

'''Peso'''

| style="background:#eaeaea" | 2
|-
| style="background:#dadada; padding-right:1em" |

'''Descrição'''

| style="background:#eaeaea" |

Criar, mover e deletar arquivos e diretórios dentro do diretório home.

|}

'''Áreas chave de conhecimento:'''

* Arquivos e diretórios
* Sensibilidade case
* Simple globbing and quoting

'''Segue uma lista parcial de arquivos, termos e utilitários utilizados:'''

* mv, cp, rm, touch
* mkdir, rmdir

===''Tópico 3: O Poder da Linha de Comando (peso: 9)''===

====3.1 Empacotando arquivos na linha de comando====

{|
| style="background:#dadada" |

'''Peso'''

| style="background:#eaeaea" | 2
|-
| style="background:#dadada; padding-right:1em" |

'''Descrição'''

| style="background:#eaeaea" |

Empacotando arquivos no diretório home.

|}

'''Áreas chave de conhecimento:'''

* Arquivos, diretórios
* Pacotes, compressão

'''Segue uma lista parcial de arquivos, termos e utilitários utilizados:'''

* tar
* Opções comuns do tar
* gzip, bzip2
* zip, unzip

====3.2 Pesquisando e extraindo dados de arquivos====

{|
| style="background:#dadada" |

'''Peso'''

| style="background:#eaeaea" | 3
|-
| style="background:#dadada; padding-right:1em" |

'''Descrição'''

| style="background:#eaeaea" |

Pesquisar e extrair dados de arquivos no diretório home.

|}

'''Áreas chave de conhecimento:'''

* Pipes da linha de comando
* Redirecionamento I/O
* Expressões regulares básicas utilizando ., [ ], *, e ?

'''Segue uma lista parcial de arquivos, termos e utilitários utilizados:'''

* grep
* less
* cat, head, tail
* sort
* cut
* wc

====3.3 Transformando comandos em Scripts====

{|
| style="background:#dadada" |

'''Peso'''

| style="background:#eaeaea" | 4
|-
| style="background:#dadada; padding-right:1em" |

'''Descrição'''

| style="background:#eaeaea" |

Tornando comandos repetitivos em scripts simples.

|}

'''Áreas chave de conhecimento:'''

* Shell scripting básico
* Reconhecimento de editores de texto comuns.

'''Segue uma lista parcial de arquivos, termos e utilitários utilizados:'''

* #! (shebang)
* /bin/bash
* Variáveis
* Argumentos
* loops for
* echo
* Exit status

===''Tópico 4: O Sistema Operacional Linux (peso: 8)''===

====4.1 Escolhendo um Sistema Operacional====

{|
| style="background:#dadada" |

'''Peso'''

| style="background:#eaeaea" | 1
|-
| style="background:#dadada; padding-right:1em" |

'''Descrição'''

| style="background:#eaeaea" |

Conhecimento dos principais sistemas operacionais e distribuições Linux.

|}

'''Áreas chave de conhecimento:'''

* Diferenças entre Windows, Mac, Linux
* Gerenciamento do ciclo de vida das distribuições

'''Segue uma lista parcial de arquivos, termos e utilitários utilizados:'''

* GUI versus linha de comando, configuração desktop
* Ciclos de manutenção, Beta e Stable

====4.2 Entendendo o Hardware do Computador====

{|
| style="background:#dadada" |

'''Peso'''

| style="background:#eaeaea" | 2
|-
| style="background:#dadada; padding-right:1em" |

'''Descrição'''

| style="background:#eaeaea" |

Familiaridade com os componentes utilizados para construir computadores desktop e servidores.

|}

'''Áreas chave de conhecimento:'''

* Hardware

'''Segue uma lista parcial de arquivos, termos e utilitários utilizados:'''

* Placas-mãe, processadores, fontes, drives ópticos, periféricos
* Discos-rígidos e partições, /dev/sd*
* Drivers

====4.3 Onde os dados são armazenados====

{|
| style="background:#dadada" |

'''Peso'''

| style="background:#eaeaea" | 3
|-
| style="background:#dadada; padding-right:1em" |

'''Descrição'''

| style="background:#eaeaea" |

Onde vários tipos de informações são armazenadas em um sistema Linux.

|}

'''Áreas chave de conhecimento:'''
* Programas e configuração, pacotes e banco de dados de pacotes
* Processos, endereços de memória, mensagens do sistema; logando-se.

'''Segue uma lista parcial de arquivos, termos e utilitários utilizados:'''

* ps, top, free
* syslog, dmesg
* /etc/, /var/log/
* /boot/, /proc/, /dev/, /sys/

====4.4 Seu Computador na Rede====

{|
| style="background:#dadada" |

'''Peso'''

| style="background:#eaeaea" | 2
|-
| style="background:#dadada; padding-right:1em" |

'''Descrição'''

| style="background:#eaeaea" |

Consultando informações vitais de configuração de rede e determinando os requisitos básicos para um computador em uma LAN.

|}

'''Áreas chave de conhecimento:'''

* Internet, rede, roteadores
* Consultando configuração do cliente DNS
* Consultando configuração da rede

'''Segue uma lista parcial de arquivos, termos e utilitários utilizados:'''

* route, ip route show
* ifconfig, ip addr show
* netstat, ip route show
* /etc/resolv.conf, /etc/hosts
* IPv4, IPv6
* ping
* host

===''Tópico 5: Segurança e Permissões de Arquivos (peso: 7)''===

====5.1 Segurança Básica e Identificação de Tipos de Usuários====

{|
| style="background:#dadada" |

'''Peso'''

| style="background:#eaeaea" | 2
|-
| style="background:#dadada; padding-right:1em" |

'''Descrição'''

| style="background:#eaeaea" |

Vários tipos de usuários em um sistema Linux.

|}

'''Áreas chave de conhecimento:'''

* Root e Usuários Padrões
* Usuários do sistema

'''Segue uma lista parcial de arquivos, termos e utilitários utilizados:'''

* /etc/passwd, /etc/group
* id, who, w
* sudo, su

====5.2 Criando Usuários e Grupos====

{|
| style="background:#dadada" |

'''Peso'''

| style="background:#eaeaea" | 2
|-
| style="background:#dadada; padding-right:1em" |

'''Descrição'''

| style="background:#eaeaea" |

Criando usuários e grupos em um sistema Linux.

|}

'''Áreas chave de conhecimento:'''

* Comandos de usuários e de grupos
* IDs de usuários

'''Segue uma lista parcial de arquivos, termos e utilitários utilizados:'''

* /etc/passwd, /etc/shadow, /etc/group, /etc/skel/
* id, last
* useradd, groupadd
* passwd

====5.3 Gerenciando permissões e donos de arquivos====

{|
| style="background:#dadada" |

'''Peso'''

| style="background:#eaeaea" | 2
|-
| style="background:#dadada; padding-right:1em" |

'''Descrição'''

| style="background:#eaeaea" |

Entendendo e manipulando permissões e configurações relacionadas a donos de arquivos.

|}

'''Áreas chave de conhecimento:'''

* Permissões de arquivos/diretórios e seus donos.

'''Segue uma lista parcial de arquivos, termos e utilitários utilizados:'''

* ls -l, ls -a
* chmod, chown

====5.4 Diretórios e arquivos especiais ====

{|
| style="background:#dadada" |

'''Peso'''

| style="background:#eaeaea" | 1
|-
| style="background:#dadada; padding-right:1em" |

'''Descrição'''

| style="background:#eaeaea" |

Arquivos e diretórios especiais em um sistema Linux, incluindo permissões especiais.

|}

'''Áreas chave de conhecimento:'''

* Usando arquivos e diretórios temporários
* Links simbólicos

'''Segue uma lista parcial de arquivos, termos e utilitários utilizados:'''

* /tmp/, /var/tmp/ e Sticky Bit
* ls -d
* ln -s

===''Material de Referência''===

===Anotações e Comentários===

Sinta-se livre para adicionar comentários abaixo:

2016-04-05T17:03:20Z

CesarBrod: Created page with "__FORCETOC__ ==Introduction and Exam Development Workshops== The description of the entire Linux Essentials Programme programme is listed here...."

__FORCETOC__
==Introduction and Exam Development Workshops==

The description of the entire Linux Essentials Programme programme is listed [[LinuxEssentialsProgramme|here]].

The purpose of the Linux Essentials Certificate is to define the basic knowledge required to competently use a desktop or mobile device using a Linux Operating System. The associated Linux Essentials Program will guide and encourage youth (and those new to Linux and Open Source) to understand the place of Linux and Open Source in the context of the broader IT industry.

==FAQ==

Questions and answers on the Linux Essentials Program and Exam are listed [[LinuxEssentials/FAQs|here]].

==Minimally Qualified Candidate Description==

This is a description of a candidate that is just barely
qualified to pass the LPI Linux Essentials exam. This hypothetical
person is called the Minimally Qualified Candidate (MQC). Standards on
the Linux Essentials exam should be set so that this person (and
anyone more able) would pass but anyone less able would not pass.

The successful candidate should have an understanding of the Linux and Open Source industry and knowledge of the most popular Open Source Applications. The candidate should understand the major components of the Linux operating system, and have the technical proficiency to work on the Linux command line. The MQC has a basic understanding of security and administration related topics such
as user/group management, working on the command line and permissions. The Linux Essentials Certificate holder is most likely the end user of a mostly managed system.

The '''LPI Linux Essentials Certificate Holder MQC''' typically:

* Has a basic understanding of FOSS, the various communities and licenses.
* Understands the basic concepts of processes, programs and the components of an Operating System.
* Has a basic knowledge of computer hardware.
* Has a basic appreciation of system security, users/groups and file permissions for public and private directories.
* Basic understanding of how to make the system accessible and able to connect to other computers on a Local Area Network (LAN).
* Demonstrates a knowledge of Open Source Applications in the Workplace as they relate to Closed Source equivalents.
* Understands navigation systems on a Linux Desktop and where to go for help.
* Has a rudimentary ability to work on the command line and with files.
* Make and restore simple backups and archives.
* Can use a basic command line editor.
* Understands file compression.
* Ability to create and run simple scripts.

==Version Information==

These objectives are version 1.5.

This is also a [[LESummaryVersion1To1.5|summary and detailed information]] on the changes from version 1.0 to 1.5 of the objectives.

The [[LinuxEssentials Objectives V1|version 1.0 objectives]] can be found [[LinuxEssentials Objectives V1|here]].

==Addenda==

There are currently no addenda.

==Translations of Objectives==

The following translations of the objectives are available on this wiki:

* [[LinuxEssentials Objectives V1.5|English]].
* [[LinuxEssentials Objectives V1.5(AR)|Arabic]].
* [[LinuxEssentials Objectives V1.5(PT-BR)|Brazilian Portuguese]].
* [[LinuxEssentials Objectives V1.5(FR)|French]].
* [[LinuxEssentials Objectives V1.5(DE)|German]].
* [[LinuxEssentials Objectives V1.5(EL)|Greek]].
* [[LinuxEssentials Objectives V1.5(ES)|Spanish]].
* [[LinuxEssentials Objectives V1.5(TR)|Turkish]].
* [[LinuxEssentials Objectives V1.5(IT)|Italian]].
* [[LinuxEssentials Objectives V1.5(NL)|Dutch]].

==Objectives==

===''Topic 1: The Linux Community and a Career in Open Source (weight: 7)''===

====1.1 Linux Evolution and Popular Operating Systems====

{|
| style="background:#dadada" |

'''Weight'''

| style="background:#eaeaea" | 2
|-
| style="background:#dadada; padding-right:1em" |

'''Description'''

| style="background:#eaeaea" |

Knowledge of Linux development and major distributions.

|}

'''Key Knowledge Areas:'''

* Open Source Philosophy
* Distributions
* Embedded Systems

'''The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:'''

* Android
* Debian, Ubuntu (LTS)
* CentOS, openSUSE, Red Hat
* Linux Mint, Scientific Linux

====1.2 Major Open Source Applications====

{|
| style="background:#dadada" |

'''Weight'''

| style="background:#eaeaea" | 2
|-
| style="background:#dadada; padding-right:1em" |

'''Description'''

| style="background:#eaeaea" |

Awareness of major applications as well as their uses and development.

|}

'''Key Knowledge Areas:'''

* Desktop Applications
* Server Applications
* Development Languages
* Package Management Tools and repositories

'''The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:'''

* OpenOffice.org, LibreOffice, Thunderbird, Firefox, GIMP
* Apache HTTPD, NGINX, MySQL, NFS, Samba
* C, Java, Perl, shell, Python, PHP
* dpkg, apt-get, rpm, yum

====1.3 Understanding Open Source Software and Licensing====

{|
| style="background:#dadada" |

'''Weight'''

| style="background:#eaeaea" | 1
|-
| style="background:#dadada; padding-right:1em" |

'''Description'''

| style="background:#eaeaea" |

Open communities and licensing Open Source Software for business.

|}

'''Key Knowledge Areas:'''

* Licensing
* Free Software Foundation (FSF), Open Source Initiative (OSI)

'''The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:'''

* GPL, BSD, Creative Commons
* Free Software, Open Source Software, FOSS, FLOSS
* Open Source business models

====1.4 ICT Skills and Working in Linux====

{|
| style="background:#dadada" |

'''Weight'''

| style="background:#eaeaea" | 2
|-
| style="background:#dadada; padding-right:1em" |

'''Description'''

| style="background:#eaeaea" |

Basic Information and Communication Technology (ICT) skills and working in Linux.

|}

'''Key Knowledge Areas:'''

* Desktop Skills
* Getting to the Command Line
* Industry uses of Linux, Cloud Computing and Virtualization

'''The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:'''

* Using a browser, privacy concerns, configuration options, searching the web and saving content
* Terminal and Console
* Password issues
* Privacy issues and tools
* Use of common open source applications in presentations and projects

===''Topic 2: Finding Your Way on a Linux System (weight: 9)''===

====2.1 Command Line Basics====

{|
| style="background:#dadada" |

'''Weight'''

| style="background:#eaeaea" | 3
|-
| style="background:#dadada; padding-right:1em" |

'''Description'''

| style="background:#eaeaea" |

Basics of using the Linux command line.

|}

'''Key Knowledge Areas:'''

* Basic shell
* Command line syntax
* Variables
* Globbing
* Quoting

'''The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:'''

* Bash
* echo
* history
* PATH env variable
* export
* type

====2.2 Using the Command Line to Get Help ====

{|
| style="background:#dadada" |

'''Weight'''

| style="background:#eaeaea" | 2
|-
| style="background:#dadada; padding-right:1em" |

'''Description'''

| style="background:#eaeaea" |

Running help commands and navigation of the various help systems.

|}

'''Key Knowledge Areas:'''

* Man
* Info

'''The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:'''

* man
* info
* Man pages
* /usr/share/doc/
* locate

====2.3 Using Directories and Listing Files====

{|
| style="background:#dadada" |

'''Weight'''

| style="background:#eaeaea" | 2
|-
| style="background:#dadada; padding-right:1em" |

'''Description'''

| style="background:#eaeaea" |

Navigation of home and system directories and listing files in various locations.

|}

'''Key Knowledge Areas:'''

* Files, directories
* Hidden files and directories
* Home
* Absolute and relative paths

'''The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:'''

* Common options for ls
* Recursive listings
* cd
* '''.''' and '''..'''
* home and ~

====2.4 Creating, Moving and Deleting Files====

{|
| style="background:#dadada" |

'''Weight'''

| style="background:#eaeaea" | 2
|-
| style="background:#dadada; padding-right:1em" |

'''Description'''

| style="background:#eaeaea" |

Create, move and delete files and directories under the home directory.

|}

'''Key Knowledge Areas:'''

* Files and directories
* Case sensitivity
* Simple globbing and quoting

'''The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:'''

* mv, cp, rm, touch
* mkdir, rmdir

===''Topic 3: The Power of the Command Line (weight: 9)''===

====3.1 Archiving Files on the Command Line====

{|
| style="background:#dadada" |

'''Weight'''

| style="background:#eaeaea" | 2
|-
| style="background:#dadada; padding-right:1em" |

'''Description'''

| style="background:#eaeaea" |

Archiving files in the user home directory.

|}

'''Key Knowledge Areas:'''

* Files, directories
* Archives, compression

'''The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:'''

* tar
* Common tar options
* gzip, bzip2
* zip, unzip

====3.2 Searching and Extracting Data from Files====

{|
| style="background:#dadada" |

'''Weight'''

| style="background:#eaeaea" | 3
|-
| style="background:#dadada; padding-right:1em" |

'''Description'''

| style="background:#eaeaea" |

Search and extract data from files in the home directory.

|}

'''Key Knowledge Areas:'''

* Command line pipes
* I/O re-direction
* Basic Regular Expressions using ., [ ], *, and ?

'''The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:'''

* grep
* less
* cat, head, tail
* sort
* cut
* wc

====3.3 Turning Commands into a Script====

{|
| style="background:#dadada" |

'''Weight'''

| style="background:#eaeaea" | 4
|-
| style="background:#dadada; padding-right:1em" |

'''Description'''

| style="background:#eaeaea" |

Turning repetitive commands into simple scripts.

|}

'''Key Knowledge Areas:'''

* Basic shell scripting
* Awareness of common text editors

'''The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:'''

* #! (shebang)
* /bin/bash
* Variables
* Arguments
* for loops
* echo
* Exit status

===''Topic 4: The Linux Operating System (weight: 8)''===

====4.1 Choosing an Operating System====

{|
| style="background:#dadada" |

'''Weight'''

| style="background:#eaeaea" | 1
|-
| style="background:#dadada; padding-right:1em" |

'''Description'''

| style="background:#eaeaea" |

Knowledge of major operating systems and Linux distributions.

|}

'''Key Knowledge Areas:'''

* Windows, Mac, Linux differences
* Distribution life cycle management

'''The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:'''

* GUI versus command line, desktop configuration
* Maintenance cycles, Beta and Stable

====4.2 Understanding Computer Hardware====

{|
| style="background:#dadada" |

'''Weight'''

| style="background:#eaeaea" | 2
|-
| style="background:#dadada; padding-right:1em" |

'''Description'''

| style="background:#eaeaea" |

Familiarity with the components that go into building desktop and server computers.

|}

'''Key Knowledge Areas:'''

* Hardware

'''The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:'''

* Motherboards, processors, power supplies, optical drives, peripherals
* Hard drives and partitions, /dev/sd*
* Drivers

====4.3 Where Data is Stored====

{|
| style="background:#dadada" |

'''Weight'''

| style="background:#eaeaea" | 3
|-
| style="background:#dadada; padding-right:1em" |

'''Description'''

| style="background:#eaeaea" |

Where various types of information are stored on a Linux system.

|}

'''Key Knowledge Areas:'''

* Programs and configuration, packages and package databases
* Processes, memory addresses, system messaging and logging

'''The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:'''

* ps, top, free
* syslog, dmesg
* /etc/, /var/log/
* /boot/, /proc/, /dev/, /sys/

====4.4 Your Computer on the Network====

{|
| style="background:#dadada" |

'''Weight'''

| style="background:#eaeaea" | 2
|-
| style="background:#dadada; padding-right:1em" |

'''Description'''

| style="background:#eaeaea" |

Querying vital networking configuration and determining the basic requirements for a computer on a Local Area Network (LAN).

|}

'''Key Knowledge Areas:'''

* Internet, network, routers
* Querying DNS client configuration
* Querying Network configuration

'''The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:'''

* route, ip route show
* ifconfig, ip addr show
* netstat, ip route show
* /etc/resolv.conf, /etc/hosts
* IPv4, IPv6
* ping
* host

===''Topic 5: Security and File Permissions (weight: 7)''===

====5.1 Basic Security and Identifying User Types====

{|
| style="background:#dadada" |

'''Weight'''

| style="background:#eaeaea" | 2
|-
| style="background:#dadada; padding-right:1em" |

'''Description'''

| style="background:#eaeaea" |

Various types of users on a Linux system.

|}

'''Key Knowledge Areas:'''

* Root and Standard Users
* System users

'''The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:'''

* /etc/passwd, /etc/group
* id, who, w
* sudo, su

====5.2 Creating Users and Groups====

{|
| style="background:#dadada" |

'''Weight'''

| style="background:#eaeaea" | 2
|-
| style="background:#dadada; padding-right:1em" |

'''Description'''

| style="background:#eaeaea" |

Creating users and groups on a Linux system.

|}

'''Key Knowledge Areas:'''

* User and group commands
* User IDs

'''The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:'''

* /etc/passwd, /etc/shadow, /etc/group, /etc/skel/
* id, last
* useradd, groupadd
* passwd

====5.3 Managing File Permissions and Ownership====

{|
| style="background:#dadada" |

'''Weight'''

| style="background:#eaeaea" | 2
|-
| style="background:#dadada; padding-right:1em" |

'''Description'''

| style="background:#eaeaea" |

Understanding and manipulating file permissions and ownership settings.

|}

'''Key Knowledge Areas:'''

* File/directory permissions and owners

'''The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:'''

* ls -l, ls -a
* chmod, chown

====5.4 Special Directories and Files====

{|
| style="background:#dadada" |

'''Weight'''

| style="background:#eaeaea" | 1
|-
| style="background:#dadada; padding-right:1em" |

'''Description'''

| style="background:#eaeaea" |

Special directories and files on a Linux system including special permissions.

|}

'''Key Knowledge Areas:'''

* Using temporary files and directories
* Symbolic links

'''The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:'''

* /tmp/, /var/tmp/ and Sticky Bit
* ls -d
* ln -s

===''Reference Material''===

===Notes and Comments===

Feel free to add comments below:

LinuxEssentials Objectives V1.5

2016-04-05T17:02:37Z

CesarBrod: /* Translations of Objectives */

LinuxEssentials Objectives V1.5

2016-04-05T17:02:13Z

CesarBrod: /* Translations of Objectives */

__FORCETOC__
==Introduction and Exam Development Workshops==

The description of the entire Linux Essentials Programme programme is listed [[LinuxEssentialsProgramme|here]].

The purpose of the Linux Essentials Certificate is to define the basic knowledge required to competently use a desktop or mobile device using a Linux Operating System. The associated Linux Essentials Program will guide and encourage youth (and those new to Linux and Open Source) to understand the place of Linux and Open Source in the context of the broader IT industry.

==FAQ==

Questions and answers on the Linux Essentials Program and Exam are listed [[LinuxEssentials/FAQs|here]].

==Minimally Qualified Candidate Description==

This is a description of a candidate that is just barely
qualified to pass the LPI Linux Essentials exam. This hypothetical
person is called the Minimally Qualified Candidate (MQC). Standards on
the Linux Essentials exam should be set so that this person (and
anyone more able) would pass but anyone less able would not pass.

The successful candidate should have an understanding of the Linux and Open Source industry and knowledge of the most popular Open Source Applications. The candidate should understand the major components of the Linux operating system, and have the technical proficiency to work on the Linux command line. The MQC has a basic understanding of security and administration related topics such
as user/group management, working on the command line and permissions. The Linux Essentials Certificate holder is most likely the end user of a mostly managed system.

The '''LPI Linux Essentials Certificate Holder MQC''' typically:

* Has a basic understanding of FOSS, the various communities and licenses.
* Understands the basic concepts of processes, programs and the components of an Operating System.
* Has a basic knowledge of computer hardware.
* Has a basic appreciation of system security, users/groups and file permissions for public and private directories.
* Basic understanding of how to make the system accessible and able to connect to other computers on a Local Area Network (LAN).
* Demonstrates a knowledge of Open Source Applications in the Workplace as they relate to Closed Source equivalents.
* Understands navigation systems on a Linux Desktop and where to go for help.
* Has a rudimentary ability to work on the command line and with files.
* Make and restore simple backups and archives.
* Can use a basic command line editor.
* Understands file compression.
* Ability to create and run simple scripts.

==Version Information==

These objectives are version 1.5.

This is also a [[LESummaryVersion1To1.5|summary and detailed information]] on the changes from version 1.0 to 1.5 of the objectives.

The [[LinuxEssentials Objectives V1|version 1.0 objectives]] can be found [[LinuxEssentials Objectives V1|here]].

==Addenda==

There are currently no addenda.

==Translations of Objectives==

The following translations of the objectives are available on this wiki:

* [[LinuxEssentials Objectives V1.5|English]].
* [[LinuxEssentials Objectives V1.5(AR)|Arabic]].
* [[LinuxEssentials Objectives V1.5(FR)|French]].
* [[LinuxEssentials Objectives V1.5(DE)|German]].
* [[LinuxEssentials Objectives V1.5(EL)|Greek]].
* [[LinuxEssentials Objectives V1.5(PT-BR)|Brazilian Portuguese]].
* [[LinuxEssentials Objectives V1.5(ES)|Spanish]].
* [[LinuxEssentials Objectives V1.5(TR)|Turkish]].
* [[LinuxEssentials Objectives V1.5(IT)|Italian]].
* [[LinuxEssentials Objectives V1.5(NL)|Dutch]].

==Objectives==

===''Topic 1: The Linux Community and a Career in Open Source (weight: 7)''===

====1.1 Linux Evolution and Popular Operating Systems====

{|
| style="background:#dadada" |

'''Weight'''

| style="background:#eaeaea" | 2
|-
| style="background:#dadada; padding-right:1em" |

'''Description'''

| style="background:#eaeaea" |

Knowledge of Linux development and major distributions.

|}

'''Key Knowledge Areas:'''

* Open Source Philosophy
* Distributions
* Embedded Systems

'''The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:'''

* Android
* Debian, Ubuntu (LTS)
* CentOS, openSUSE, Red Hat
* Linux Mint, Scientific Linux

====1.2 Major Open Source Applications====

{|
| style="background:#dadada" |

'''Weight'''

| style="background:#eaeaea" | 2
|-
| style="background:#dadada; padding-right:1em" |

'''Description'''

| style="background:#eaeaea" |

Awareness of major applications as well as their uses and development.

|}

'''Key Knowledge Areas:'''

* Desktop Applications
* Server Applications
* Development Languages
* Package Management Tools and repositories

'''The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:'''

* OpenOffice.org, LibreOffice, Thunderbird, Firefox, GIMP
* Apache HTTPD, NGINX, MySQL, NFS, Samba
* C, Java, Perl, shell, Python, PHP
* dpkg, apt-get, rpm, yum

====1.3 Understanding Open Source Software and Licensing====

{|
| style="background:#dadada" |

'''Weight'''

| style="background:#eaeaea" | 1
|-
| style="background:#dadada; padding-right:1em" |

'''Description'''

| style="background:#eaeaea" |

Open communities and licensing Open Source Software for business.

|}

'''Key Knowledge Areas:'''

* Licensing
* Free Software Foundation (FSF), Open Source Initiative (OSI)

'''The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:'''

* GPL, BSD, Creative Commons
* Free Software, Open Source Software, FOSS, FLOSS
* Open Source business models

====1.4 ICT Skills and Working in Linux====

{|
| style="background:#dadada" |

'''Weight'''

| style="background:#eaeaea" | 2
|-
| style="background:#dadada; padding-right:1em" |

'''Description'''

| style="background:#eaeaea" |

Basic Information and Communication Technology (ICT) skills and working in Linux.

|}

'''Key Knowledge Areas:'''

* Desktop Skills
* Getting to the Command Line
* Industry uses of Linux, Cloud Computing and Virtualization

'''The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:'''

* Using a browser, privacy concerns, configuration options, searching the web and saving content
* Terminal and Console
* Password issues
* Privacy issues and tools
* Use of common open source applications in presentations and projects

===''Topic 2: Finding Your Way on a Linux System (weight: 9)''===

====2.1 Command Line Basics====

{|
| style="background:#dadada" |

'''Weight'''

| style="background:#eaeaea" | 3
|-
| style="background:#dadada; padding-right:1em" |

'''Description'''

| style="background:#eaeaea" |

Basics of using the Linux command line.

|}

'''Key Knowledge Areas:'''

* Basic shell
* Command line syntax
* Variables
* Globbing
* Quoting

'''The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:'''

* Bash
* echo
* history
* PATH env variable
* export
* type

====2.2 Using the Command Line to Get Help ====

{|
| style="background:#dadada" |

'''Weight'''

| style="background:#eaeaea" | 2
|-
| style="background:#dadada; padding-right:1em" |

'''Description'''

| style="background:#eaeaea" |

Running help commands and navigation of the various help systems.

|}

'''Key Knowledge Areas:'''

* Man
* Info

'''The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:'''

* man
* info
* Man pages
* /usr/share/doc/
* locate

====2.3 Using Directories and Listing Files====

{|
| style="background:#dadada" |

'''Weight'''

| style="background:#eaeaea" | 2
|-
| style="background:#dadada; padding-right:1em" |

'''Description'''

| style="background:#eaeaea" |

Navigation of home and system directories and listing files in various locations.

|}

'''Key Knowledge Areas:'''

* Files, directories
* Hidden files and directories
* Home
* Absolute and relative paths

'''The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:'''

* Common options for ls
* Recursive listings
* cd
* '''.''' and '''..'''
* home and ~

====2.4 Creating, Moving and Deleting Files====

{|
| style="background:#dadada" |

'''Weight'''

| style="background:#eaeaea" | 2
|-
| style="background:#dadada; padding-right:1em" |

'''Description'''

| style="background:#eaeaea" |

Create, move and delete files and directories under the home directory.

|}

'''Key Knowledge Areas:'''

* Files and directories
* Case sensitivity
* Simple globbing and quoting

'''The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:'''

* mv, cp, rm, touch
* mkdir, rmdir

===''Topic 3: The Power of the Command Line (weight: 9)''===

====3.1 Archiving Files on the Command Line====

{|
| style="background:#dadada" |

'''Weight'''

| style="background:#eaeaea" | 2
|-
| style="background:#dadada; padding-right:1em" |

'''Description'''

| style="background:#eaeaea" |

Archiving files in the user home directory.

|}

'''Key Knowledge Areas:'''

* Files, directories
* Archives, compression

'''The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:'''

* tar
* Common tar options
* gzip, bzip2
* zip, unzip

====3.2 Searching and Extracting Data from Files====

{|
| style="background:#dadada" |

'''Weight'''

| style="background:#eaeaea" | 3
|-
| style="background:#dadada; padding-right:1em" |

'''Description'''

| style="background:#eaeaea" |

Search and extract data from files in the home directory.

|}

'''Key Knowledge Areas:'''

* Command line pipes
* I/O re-direction
* Basic Regular Expressions using ., [ ], *, and ?

'''The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:'''

* grep
* less
* cat, head, tail
* sort
* cut
* wc

====3.3 Turning Commands into a Script====

{|
| style="background:#dadada" |

'''Weight'''

| style="background:#eaeaea" | 4
|-
| style="background:#dadada; padding-right:1em" |

'''Description'''

| style="background:#eaeaea" |

Turning repetitive commands into simple scripts.

|}

'''Key Knowledge Areas:'''

* Basic shell scripting
* Awareness of common text editors

'''The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:'''

* #! (shebang)
* /bin/bash
* Variables
* Arguments
* for loops
* echo
* Exit status

===''Topic 4: The Linux Operating System (weight: 8)''===

====4.1 Choosing an Operating System====

{|
| style="background:#dadada" |

'''Weight'''

| style="background:#eaeaea" | 1
|-
| style="background:#dadada; padding-right:1em" |

'''Description'''

| style="background:#eaeaea" |

Knowledge of major operating systems and Linux distributions.

|}

'''Key Knowledge Areas:'''

* Windows, Mac, Linux differences
* Distribution life cycle management

'''The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:'''

* GUI versus command line, desktop configuration
* Maintenance cycles, Beta and Stable

====4.2 Understanding Computer Hardware====

{|
| style="background:#dadada" |

'''Weight'''

| style="background:#eaeaea" | 2
|-
| style="background:#dadada; padding-right:1em" |

'''Description'''

| style="background:#eaeaea" |

Familiarity with the components that go into building desktop and server computers.

|}

'''Key Knowledge Areas:'''

* Hardware

'''The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:'''

* Motherboards, processors, power supplies, optical drives, peripherals
* Hard drives and partitions, /dev/sd*
* Drivers

====4.3 Where Data is Stored====

{|
| style="background:#dadada" |

'''Weight'''

| style="background:#eaeaea" | 3
|-
| style="background:#dadada; padding-right:1em" |

'''Description'''

| style="background:#eaeaea" |

Where various types of information are stored on a Linux system.

|}

'''Key Knowledge Areas:'''

* Programs and configuration, packages and package databases
* Processes, memory addresses, system messaging and logging

'''The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:'''

* ps, top, free
* syslog, dmesg
* /etc/, /var/log/
* /boot/, /proc/, /dev/, /sys/

====4.4 Your Computer on the Network====

{|
| style="background:#dadada" |

'''Weight'''

| style="background:#eaeaea" | 2
|-
| style="background:#dadada; padding-right:1em" |

'''Description'''

| style="background:#eaeaea" |

Querying vital networking configuration and determining the basic requirements for a computer on a Local Area Network (LAN).

|}

'''Key Knowledge Areas:'''

* Internet, network, routers
* Querying DNS client configuration
* Querying Network configuration

'''The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:'''

* route, ip route show
* ifconfig, ip addr show
* netstat, ip route show
* /etc/resolv.conf, /etc/hosts
* IPv4, IPv6
* ping
* host

===''Topic 5: Security and File Permissions (weight: 7)''===

====5.1 Basic Security and Identifying User Types====

{|
| style="background:#dadada" |

'''Weight'''

| style="background:#eaeaea" | 2
|-
| style="background:#dadada; padding-right:1em" |

'''Description'''

| style="background:#eaeaea" |

Various types of users on a Linux system.

|}

'''Key Knowledge Areas:'''

* Root and Standard Users
* System users

'''The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:'''

* /etc/passwd, /etc/group
* id, who, w
* sudo, su

====5.2 Creating Users and Groups====

{|
| style="background:#dadada" |

'''Weight'''

| style="background:#eaeaea" | 2
|-
| style="background:#dadada; padding-right:1em" |

'''Description'''

| style="background:#eaeaea" |

Creating users and groups on a Linux system.

|}

'''Key Knowledge Areas:'''

* User and group commands
* User IDs

'''The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:'''

* /etc/passwd, /etc/shadow, /etc/group, /etc/skel/
* id, last
* useradd, groupadd
* passwd

====5.3 Managing File Permissions and Ownership====

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'''Weight'''

| style="background:#eaeaea" | 2
|-
| style="background:#dadada; padding-right:1em" |

'''Description'''

| style="background:#eaeaea" |

Understanding and manipulating file permissions and ownership settings.

|}

'''Key Knowledge Areas:'''

* File/directory permissions and owners

'''The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:'''

* ls -l, ls -a
* chmod, chown

====5.4 Special Directories and Files====

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'''Weight'''

| style="background:#eaeaea" | 1
|-
| style="background:#dadada; padding-right:1em" |

'''Description'''

| style="background:#eaeaea" |

Special directories and files on a Linux system including special permissions.

|}

'''Key Knowledge Areas:'''

* Using temporary files and directories
* Symbolic links

'''The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:'''

* /tmp/, /var/tmp/ and Sticky Bit
* ls -d
* ln -s

===''Reference Material''===

===Notes and Comments===

Feel free to add comments below: