User:Samekoudi

2012-04-11T11:35:04Z

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LinuxEssentials(FR)

2012-04-11T11:26:43Z

Samekoudi:

__FORCETOC__
==Introduction '''(Travail en cours) / En cours de Traduction, merci pour les contributions :)''' ==
The description of the entire [[LinuxEssentialsProgramme]] programme is listed [[LinuxEssentialsProgramme|here]].

The purpose of the Linux Essentials Program is to define the basic knowledge required to competently use a desktop or mobile device using a Linux Operating System. The program will guide and encourage youth (and those new to Linux and Open Source) to understand the place of Linux and Open Source in the context of the broader IT industry.
 

==Minimally Qualified Candidate Description==
This is a description of a candidate that is just barely
qualified to pass the LPI Linux Essentials exam. This hypothetical
person is called the Minimally Qualified Candidate (MQC). Standards on
the Linux Essentials exam should be set so that this person (and
anyone more able) would pass but anyone less able would not pass.

The successful candidate should have an understanding of the Linux and Open Source industry and knowledge of the most popular Open Source Applications. The candidate should understand the major components of the Linux operating system, and have the technical proficiency to work on the Linux command line. The MQC has a basic understanding of security and administration related topics such
as user/group management, working on the command line and permissions. A '''LPI Linux Essentials Technician (LPI LET)''' is most likely the end user of a mostly managed system.

The '''LPI Linux Essentials Technician (LPI LET) MQC''' typically:

* Avoir une compréhension élémentaire du Logiciel Libre et Open source, des différentes communautés et des licences.
* Comprendre les concepts des bases des processus, programmes et composants d'un système d'exploitation.
* Avoir une connaissance élémentaire du matériel informatique.
* Avoir une appréciation minimale de la sécurité système, utilisateurs/groupes et des permissions sur les fichiers pour les répertoires publics et privés.
* Connaissance élémentaire de comment rendre accessible un système et interconnectable à d'autres ordinateurs sur un réseaux local (LAN).
* Démontrer une connaissance des logiciels libres dans un environnement professionnel et leur relation avec les logiciels privateurs équivalents.
* Comprendre la navigation sur un poste de travail Linux et comment obtenir de l'aide.
* Avoir des capacités rudimentaire à travailler en ligne de commandes et avec les fichiers.
* Créer et restaurer des archives et sauvegardes simples.
* Pouvoir utiliser un éditeur basique en ligne de commande.
* Comprendre la compression de fichier.
* Capacité à créer et exécuter des scripts simples.

==Information sur la version==
Les objectifs suivants sont à la version 0.99.2.
 

==Traduction des objectifs==
Les traductions des objectifs ci-après sont disponible sur ce wiki:
* [[LinuxEssentials|Anglais]]
* [[LinuxEssentials(FR)|Français]]
* [[LinuxEssentials(DE)|Allemand]]
* [[LinuxEssentials(EL)|Grècque]]
* [[LinuxEssentials(ES)|Espagnol]]
* [[LinuxEssentials(TR)|Turque]]
 

==Objectifs==

===''Thème 1: Carrière dans le logiciel libre et rejoindre une communauté Linux (valeur: 7)''===
====1.1 L'évolution de Linux et les systèmes d'exploitation populaire====
{|
| style="background:#dadada" | '''Poids'''
| style="background:#eaeaea" | 2
|-
| style="background:#dadada; padding-right:1em" | '''Description'''
| style="background:#eaeaea" | Connaissance du développement de Linux et des distributions majeures.
|}
'''Les domaines de connaissances clés:'''
* Philosophie des Logiciels libres
* Les distributions
* Systèmes embarqués
'''Ce qui suit est une liste partielle des termes, utilitaires et fichiers utilisés à connaître pour cet objectif:'''
* Android
* Debian
* CentOS
'''Autres notions intéressantes à connaître:'''

 

====1.2 Les applications libres majeurs====
{|
| style="background:#dadada" | '''Poids'''
| style="background:#eaeaea" | 2
|-
| style="background:#dadada; padding-right:1em" | '''Description'''
| style="background:#eaeaea" | Notoriété des applications majeures et leurs utilités.
|}
'''Les domaines de connaissances clés:'''
* Logiciels de postes de travail
* Logiciels serveurs
* Applications mobiles
* Langages de programmation
* Outils de gestion des paquets et sources de logiciels
'''Ce qui suit est une liste partielle des termes, utilitaires et fichiers utilisés à connaître pour cet objectif:'''
* OpenOffice.org, LibreOffice, Thunderbird, Firefox
* Blender, Gimp, Audacity, ImageMagick
* Apache, MySQL, PostgreSQL
* NFS, Samba, OpenLDAP, Postfix, DNS, DHCP
* C, Perl, shell, Python, PHP
'''Autres notions intéressantes à connaître:'''
 

====1.3 Comprendre les principes des logiciels libres et la gestion des licences====
{|
| style="background:#dadada" | '''Poids'''
| style="background:#eaeaea" | 1
|-
| style="background:#dadada; padding-right:1em" | '''Description'''
| style="background:#eaeaea" | Les communautés autour des logiciels libres et le gestion des licences dans le cadre professionnel.
|}
'''Les connaissances clés:'''
* Les licences
* Free Software Foundation (FSF), Open Source Initiative (OSI)
'''La suite est une liste partielle de fichiers, de termes et d'utilitaires :'''
* GPL, BSD, Creative Commons
* Free Software, Open Source Software, FOSS, FLOSS
* Les modèles de développement d'affaire autour des logiciels libres
'''Autres notions intéressantes à connaître:'''
* La propriété intellectuelle : les droits d'auteurs, les marques de commercialisation, les droits d'exploitation
* Apache License, Mozilla License
 

====1.4 Compétences TIC et travail sous Linux====
{|
| style="background:#dadada" | '''Poids'''
| style="background:#eaeaea" | 2
|-
| style="background:#dadada; padding-right:1em" | '''Description'''
| style="background:#eaeaea" | Compétences élémentaire en Technologie de l'Information et de la Communication (TIC) et travail sous Linux.
|}
'''Les domaines de connaissances clés:'''
* Desktop Skills
* Allez à la ligne de commande
* Utilisation de Linux dans les indistries, Cloud Computing et Virtualisation
'''Ce qui suit est une liste partielle des termes, utilitaires et fichiers utilisés à connaître pour cet objectif:'''
* Utilisation d'un navigateur, politique de vie privée, options de configuration, recherche sur le web et enrégistrement de contenu
* Terminal and Console
* La question des mots de passe
* Outils et questions de la vie privée
* Utilisation des logiciels libres usuels pour la présentation et les projets
'''Autres notions intéressantes à connaître:'''

 

===''Topic 2: Finding Your Way on a Linux System (weight: 8)''===
====2.1 Command Line Basics====
{|
| style="background:#dadada" | '''Weight'''
| style="background:#eaeaea" | 2
|-
| style="background:#dadada; padding-right:1em" | '''Description'''
| style="background:#eaeaea" | Basics of using the Linux command line.
|}
'''Key Knowledge Areas:'''
* Basic shell
* Formatting commands
* Working With Options
* Variables
* Globbing
* Quoting
'''The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:'''
* echo
* history
* PATH env variable
* which
'''Nice to know:'''
* Substitutions
* ||, && and ; control operators
 

====2.2 Using the Command Line to Get Help ====
{|
| style="background:#dadada" | '''Weight'''
| style="background:#eaeaea" | 2
|-
| style="background:#dadada; padding-right:1em" | '''Description'''
| style="background:#eaeaea" |Running help commands and navigation of the various help systems.
|}
'''Key Knowledge Areas:'''
* Man
* Info
'''The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:'''
* man
* info
* Man pages
* /usr/share/doc
* locate
'''Nice to know:'''
* apropos, whatis, whereis

 

====2.3 Using Directories and Listing Files====
{|
| style="background:#dadada" | '''Weight'''
| style="background:#eaeaea" | 2
|-
| style="background:#dadada; padding-right:1em" | '''Description'''
| style="background:#eaeaea" | Navigation of home and system directories and listing files in various locations.
|}
'''Key Knowledge Areas:'''
* Files, directories
* Hidden files and directories
* Home
* Absolute and relative paths
'''The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:'''
* Common options for ls
* Recursive listings
* cd
* '''.''' and '''..'''
* home and ~
'''Nice to know:'''
 

====2.4 Creating, Moving and Deleting Files====
{|
| style="background:#dadada" | '''Weight'''
| style="background:#eaeaea" | 2
|-
| style="background:#dadada; padding-right:1em" | '''Description'''
| style="background:#eaeaea" | Create, move and delete files and directories under the home directory.
|}
'''Key Knowledge Areas:'''
* Files and directories
* Case sensitivity
* Simple globbing and quoting
'''The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:'''
* mv, cp, rm, touch
* mkdir, rmdir
'''Nice to know:'''
 
 

===''Topic 3: The Power of the Command Line (weight: 10)''===
====3.1 Archiving Files on the Command Line====
{|
| style="background:#dadada" | '''Weight'''
| style="background:#eaeaea" | 2
|-
| style="background:#dadada; padding-right:1em" | '''Description'''
| style="background:#eaeaea" | Archiving files in the user home directory.
|}
'''Key Knowledge Areas:'''
* Files, directories
* Archives, compression
'''The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:'''
* tar
* tar options
* gzip, bzip2
* zip, unzip
'''Nice to know:'''
* Extracting individual files from archives
 

====3.2 Searching and Extracting Data from Files====
{|
| style="background:#dadada" | '''Weight'''
| style="background:#eaeaea" | 4
|-
| style="background:#dadada; padding-right:1em" | '''Description'''
| style="background:#eaeaea" | Search and extract data from files in the home directory.
|}
'''Key Knowledge Areas:'''
* Command line pipes
* I/O re-direction
* Partial POSIX Regular Expressions (., [ ], *, ?)
'''The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:'''
* find
* grep
* less
* tail
* sort
* cut
* wc
'''Nice to know:'''
* Partial POSIX Basic Regular Expressions ([^ ], ^, $)
* Partial POSIX Extended Regular Expressions (+, ( ), |)
* xargs
 

====3.3 Turning Commands into a Script====
{|
| style="background:#dadada" | '''Weight'''
| style="background:#eaeaea" | 4
|-
| style="background:#dadada; padding-right:1em" | '''Description'''
| style="background:#eaeaea" | Turning repetitive commands into simple scripts.
|}
'''Key Knowledge Areas:'''
* Basic text editing
* Basic shell scripting
'''The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:'''
* pico, nano, vi
* /bin/sh
* Variables
* Arguments
* for loops
* echo
* Exit status
'''Nice to know:'''
* Bash
* if, while, case statements
* read and test, and [ commands
 
 

===''Topic 4: The Linux Operating System (weight: 8)''===
====4.1 Choosing an Operating System====
{|
| style="background:#dadada" | '''Weight'''
| style="background:#eaeaea" | 1
|-
| style="background:#dadada; padding-right:1em" | '''Description'''
| style="background:#eaeaea" | Knowledge of major operating systems and Linux distributions.
|}
'''Key Knowledge Areas:'''
* Windows, Mac, Linux differences
* Distribution life cycle management
'''The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:'''
* GUI versus command line, desktop configuration
* Maintenance cycles, Beta and Stable
'''Nice to know:'''
 

====4.2 Understanding Computer Hardware====
{|
| style="background:#dadada" | '''Weight'''
| style="background:#eaeaea" | 2
|-
| style="background:#dadada; padding-right:1em" | '''Description'''
| style="background:#eaeaea" |Familiarity with the components that go into building desktop and server computers.
|}
'''Key Knowledge Areas:'''
* Hardware
'''The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:'''
* Hard drives and partitions, motherboards, processors, power supplies, optical drives, peripherals
* Display types
* Drivers
'''Nice to know:'''
 

====4.3 Where Data is Stored====
{|
| style="background:#dadada" | '''Weight'''
| style="background:#eaeaea" | 3
|-
| style="background:#dadada; padding-right:1em" | '''Description'''
| style="background:#eaeaea" | Where various types of information are stored on a Linux system.
|}
'''Key Knowledge Areas:'''
* Kernel
* Processes
* syslog, klog, dmesg
* /lib, /usr/lib, /etc, /var/log
'''The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:'''
* Programs, libraries, packages and package databases, system configuration
* Processes and process tables, memory addresses, system messaging and logging
* ps, top, free
'''Nice to know:'''

 

====4.4 Your Computer on the Network====
{|
| style="background:#dadada" | '''Weight'''
| style="background:#eaeaea" | 2
|-
| style="background:#dadada; padding-right:1em" | '''Description'''
| style="background:#eaeaea" |Determining vital networking settings and the basic requirements to add a computer on to a Local Area Network (LAN).
|}
'''Key Knowledge Areas:'''
* Internet, network, routers
* Domain Name Service
* Network configuration
'''The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:'''
* route
* resolv.conf
* IPv4, IPv6
* ifconfig
* netstat
* ping
'''Nice to know:'''
* ssh
* dig
 

===''Topic 5: Security and File Permissions (weight: 7)''===
====5.1 Basic Security and Identifying User Types====
{|
| style="background:#dadada" | '''Weight'''
| style="background:#eaeaea" | 2
|-
| style="background:#dadada; padding-right:1em" | '''Description'''
| style="background:#eaeaea" | Various types of users on a Linux system.
|}
'''Key Knowledge Areas:'''
* Root and Standard Users
* System users
'''The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:'''
* /etc/passwd, /etc/group
* id, who, w
* sudo
'''Nice to know:'''
* su
 

====5.2 Creating Users and Groups====
{|
| style="background:#dadada" | '''Weight'''
| style="background:#eaeaea" | 2
|-
| style="background:#dadada; padding-right:1em" | '''Description'''
| style="background:#eaeaea" | Creating users and groups on a Linux system.
|}
'''Key Knowledge Areas:'''
* User and group commands
* User IDs
'''The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:'''
* /etc/passwd, /etc/shadow, /etc/group
* id, last
* useradd, groupdadd
* passwd
'''Nice to know:'''
* usermod, userdel
* groupmod, groupdel
 

====5.3 Managing File Permissions and Ownership====
{|
| style="background:#dadada" | '''Weight'''
| style="background:#eaeaea" | 2
|-
| style="background:#dadada; padding-right:1em" | '''Description'''
| style="background:#eaeaea" | Understanding and manipulating file permissions and ownership settings.
|}
'''Key Knowledge Areas:'''
* File/directory permissions and owners
'''The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:'''
* ls -l
* chmod, chown
'''Nice to know:'''
* chgrp
 
====5.4 Special Directories and Files====
{|
| style="background:#dadada" | '''Weight'''
| style="background:#eaeaea" | 1
|-
| style="background:#dadada; padding-right:1em" | '''Description'''
| style="background:#eaeaea" | Special directories and files on a Linux system including special permissions.
|}
'''Key Knowledge Areas:'''
* System files, libraries
* Symbolic links
'''The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:'''
* /etc, /var
* /tmp, /var/tmp and Sticky Bits
* ls -d
* ln -s
'''Nice to know:'''
* Hard links
* Setuid/Setgid
 

===''Reference Material''===

===Notes and Comments===

Feel free to add comments here:

LPI Wiki - User contributions [en]

User:Samekoudi

LinuxEssentials(FR)