LPIC-1(Persian): Difference between revisions
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* removed coverage of LILO from 102.2. | * removed coverage of LILO from 102.2. | ||
==='' | ===''ضمیمه شفاف سازی (Oct 1st, 2011)''=== | ||
* added explicit mention of GPG key revocation to 110.3 key terms list. | * added explicit mention of GPG key revocation to 110.3 key terms list. | ||
==='' | ===''ضمیمه شفاف سازی (Apr 1st, 2009)''=== | ||
* dropped X Font Server coverage to awareness level from 106.1 key terms list. | * dropped X Font Server coverage to awareness level from 106.1 key terms list. | ||
==='' | ===''ضمیمه شفاف سازی (Jan 1st, 2009)''=== | ||
* added TZ env variable to 107.3 partial file list. | * added TZ env variable to 107.3 partial file list. | ||
| Line 79: | Line 79: | ||
==سرفصلهای آزمون ۱۰۱== | ==سرفصلهای آزمون ۱۰۱== | ||
==='' | ===''سرفصل ۱۰۱: معماری سیستم''=== | ||
====<span style="color:navy">101.1 Determine and configure hardware settings</span>==== | ====<span style="color:navy">101.1 Determine and configure hardware settings</span>==== | ||
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| style="background:#dadada" | | | style="background:#dadada" | | ||
''' | '''وزن''' | ||
| style="background:#eaeaea" | 2 | | style="background:#eaeaea" | 2 | ||
| Line 92: | Line 92: | ||
| style="background:#dadada; padding-right:1em" | | | style="background:#dadada; padding-right:1em" | | ||
''' | '''توضیح''' | ||
| style="background:#eaeaea" | | | style="background:#eaeaea" | | ||
داوطلبین باید توانایی تعیین و پیکربندی مقدماتی سخت افزار را داشته باشند. | |||
|} | |} | ||
''' | '''بخش موضوعات کلیدی:''' | ||
''' | * فعال و غیر فعال کردن تجهیزات. | ||
* پیکربندی سیستم با یا بدون دستگاههای جانبی مانند صفحه کلید. | |||
* تفاوت میان انواع تجهیزات ذخیره سازی. | |||
* تنظیم مخصه (ID) درست برای انواع سخت افزار، به خصوص تجهیز بوت شونده. | |||
* اطلاع از تفاوت میان تجهیزات coldplug و hotplug. | |||
* تعیین منابع سخت افزاری برای تجهیزات. | |||
* ابزارهایی که اطلاعات سخت افزارها را فهرست می کنند (مانند lsusb, lspci, ...). | |||
* ابزارهای دستکاری تجهیزات USB. | |||
* درک مفهوم sysfs, udev, hald, dbus. | |||
'''در زیر خلاصهای از فایلها، اصطلاحات و ابزارهای مورد استفاده آمده است:''' | |||
* /sys | * /sys | ||
| Line 129: | Line 130: | ||
| style="background:#dadada" | | | style="background:#dadada" | | ||
''' | '''وزن''' | ||
| style="background:#eaeaea" | 3 | | style="background:#eaeaea" | 3 | ||
| Line 135: | Line 136: | ||
| style="background:#dadada; padding-right:1em" | | | style="background:#dadada; padding-right:1em" | | ||
''' | '''توضیح''' | ||
| Line 144: | Line 145: | ||
|} | |} | ||
''' | '''بخش موضوعات کلیدی:''' | ||
* Provide common commands to the boot loader and options to the kernel at boot time. | * Provide common commands to the boot loader and options to the kernel at boot time. | ||
| Line 150: | Line 151: | ||
* Check boot events in the log files. | * Check boot events in the log files. | ||
''' | '''در زیر خلاصهای از فایلها، اصطلاحات و ابزارهای مورد استفاده آمده است:''' | ||
* /var/log/messages | * /var/log/messages | ||
| Line 166: | Line 167: | ||
| style="background:#dadada" | | | style="background:#dadada" | | ||
''' | '''وزن''' | ||
| style="background:#eaeaea" | 3 | | style="background:#eaeaea" | 3 | ||
| Line 172: | Line 173: | ||
| style="background:#dadada; padding-right:1em" | | | style="background:#dadada; padding-right:1em" | | ||
''' | '''توضیح''' | ||
| style="background:#eaeaea" | | | style="background:#eaeaea" | | ||
| Line 180: | Line 181: | ||
|} | |} | ||
''' | '''بخش موضوعات کلیدی:''' | ||
* Set the default run level. | * Set the default run level. | ||
| Line 189: | Line 190: | ||
* Knowledge of basic features of systemd and Upstart. | * Knowledge of basic features of systemd and Upstart. | ||
''' | '''در زیر خلاصهای از فایلها، اصطلاحات و ابزارهای مورد استفاده آمده است:''' | ||
* /etc/inittab | * /etc/inittab | ||
| Line 206: | Line 207: | ||
| style="background:#dadada" | | | style="background:#dadada" | | ||
''' | '''وزن''' | ||
| style="background:#eaeaea" | 2 | | style="background:#eaeaea" | 2 | ||
| Line 212: | Line 213: | ||
| style="background:#dadada; padding-right:1em" | | | style="background:#dadada; padding-right:1em" | | ||
''' | '''توضیح''' | ||
| style="background:#eaeaea" | | | style="background:#eaeaea" | | ||
| Line 220: | Line 221: | ||
|} | |} | ||
''' | '''بخش موضوعات کلیدی:''' | ||
* Allocate filesystems and swap space to separate partitions or disks. | * Allocate filesystems and swap space to separate partitions or disks. | ||
| Line 227: | Line 228: | ||
* Knowledge of basic features of LVM. | * Knowledge of basic features of LVM. | ||
''' | '''در زیر خلاصهای از فایلها، اصطلاحات و ابزارهای مورد استفاده آمده است:''' | ||
* / (root) filesystem. | * / (root) filesystem. | ||
| Line 243: | Line 244: | ||
| style="background:#dadada" | | | style="background:#dadada" | | ||
''' | '''وزن''' | ||
| style="background:#eaeaea" | 2 | | style="background:#eaeaea" | 2 | ||
| Line 249: | Line 250: | ||
| style="background:#dadada; padding-right:1em" | | | style="background:#dadada; padding-right:1em" | | ||
''' | '''توضیح''' | ||
| style="background:#eaeaea" | | | style="background:#eaeaea" | | ||
| Line 257: | Line 258: | ||
|} | |} | ||
''' | '''بخش موضوعات کلیدی:''' | ||
* Providing alternative boot locations and backup boot options. | * Providing alternative boot locations and backup boot options. | ||
| Line 264: | Line 265: | ||
* Interact with the boot loader. | * Interact with the boot loader. | ||
''' | '''در زیر خلاصهای از فایلها، اصطلاحات و ابزارهای مورد استفاده آمده است:''' | ||
* /boot/grub/menu.lst, grub.cfg and other variations. | * /boot/grub/menu.lst, grub.cfg and other variations. | ||
| Line 278: | Line 279: | ||
| style="background:#dadada" | | | style="background:#dadada" | | ||
''' | '''وزن''' | ||
| style="background:#eaeaea" | 1 | | style="background:#eaeaea" | 1 | ||
| Line 284: | Line 285: | ||
| style="background:#dadada; padding-right:1em" | | | style="background:#dadada; padding-right:1em" | | ||
''' | '''توضیح''' | ||
| style="background:#eaeaea" | | | style="background:#eaeaea" | | ||
| Line 292: | Line 293: | ||
|} | |} | ||
''' | '''بخش موضوعات کلیدی:''' | ||
* Identify shared libraries. | * Identify shared libraries. | ||
| Line 298: | Line 299: | ||
* Load shared libraries. | * Load shared libraries. | ||
''' | '''در زیر خلاصهای از فایلها، اصطلاحات و ابزارهای مورد استفاده آمده است:''' | ||
* ldd | * ldd | ||
| Line 312: | Line 313: | ||
| style="background:#dadada" | | | style="background:#dadada" | | ||
''' | '''وزن''' | ||
| style="background:#eaeaea" | 3 | | style="background:#eaeaea" | 3 | ||
| Line 318: | Line 319: | ||
| style="background:#dadada; padding-right:1em" | | | style="background:#dadada; padding-right:1em" | | ||
''' | '''توضیح''' | ||
| style="background:#eaeaea" | | | style="background:#eaeaea" | | ||
| Line 326: | Line 327: | ||
|} | |} | ||
''' | '''بخش موضوعات کلیدی:''' | ||
* Install, upgrade and uninstall Debian binary packages. | * Install, upgrade and uninstall Debian binary packages. | ||
| Line 332: | Line 333: | ||
* Obtain package information like version, content, dependencies, package integrity and installation status (whether or not the package is installed). | * Obtain package information like version, content, dependencies, package integrity and installation status (whether or not the package is installed). | ||
''' | '''در زیر خلاصهای از فایلها، اصطلاحات و ابزارهای مورد استفاده آمده است:''' | ||
* /etc/apt/sources.list | * /etc/apt/sources.list | ||
| Line 347: | Line 348: | ||
| style="background:#dadada" | | | style="background:#dadada" | | ||
''' | '''وزن''' | ||
| style="background:#eaeaea" | 3 | | style="background:#eaeaea" | 3 | ||
| Line 353: | Line 354: | ||
| style="background:#dadada; padding-right:1em" | | | style="background:#dadada; padding-right:1em" | | ||
''' | '''توضیح''' | ||
| style="background:#eaeaea" | | | style="background:#eaeaea" | | ||
| Line 361: | Line 362: | ||
|} | |} | ||
''' | '''بخش موضوعات کلیدی:''' | ||
* Install, re-install, upgrade and remove packages using RPM and YUM. | * Install, re-install, upgrade and remove packages using RPM and YUM. | ||
| Line 368: | Line 369: | ||
* Determine what files a package provides, as well as find which package a specific file comes from. | * Determine what files a package provides, as well as find which package a specific file comes from. | ||
''' | '''در زیر خلاصهای از فایلها، اصطلاحات و ابزارهای مورد استفاده آمده است:''' | ||
* rpm | * rpm | ||
| Line 386: | Line 387: | ||
| style="background:#dadada" | | | style="background:#dadada" | | ||
''' | '''وزن''' | ||
| style="background:#eaeaea" | 4 | | style="background:#eaeaea" | 4 | ||
| Line 392: | Line 393: | ||
| style="background:#dadada; padding-right:1em" | | | style="background:#dadada; padding-right:1em" | | ||
''' | '''توضیح''' | ||
| style="background:#eaeaea" | | | style="background:#eaeaea" | | ||
| Line 400: | Line 401: | ||
|} | |} | ||
''' | '''بخش موضوعات کلیدی:''' | ||
* Use single shell commands and one line command sequences to perform basic tasks on the command line. | * Use single shell commands and one line command sequences to perform basic tasks on the command line. | ||
| Line 407: | Line 408: | ||
* Invoke commands inside and outside the defined path. | * Invoke commands inside and outside the defined path. | ||
''' | '''در زیر خلاصهای از فایلها، اصطلاحات و ابزارهای مورد استفاده آمده است:''' | ||
* . | * . | ||
| Line 430: | Line 431: | ||
| style="background:#dadada" | | | style="background:#dadada" | | ||
''' | '''وزن''' | ||
| style="background:#eaeaea" | 3 | | style="background:#eaeaea" | 3 | ||
| Line 436: | Line 437: | ||
| style="background:#dadada; padding-right:1em" | | | style="background:#dadada; padding-right:1em" | | ||
''' | '''توضیح''' | ||
| style="background:#eaeaea" | | | style="background:#eaeaea" | | ||
| Line 444: | Line 445: | ||
|} | |} | ||
''' | '''بخش موضوعات کلیدی:''' | ||
* Send text files and output streams through text utility filters to modify the output using standard UNIX commands found in the GNU textutils package. | * Send text files and output streams through text utility filters to modify the output using standard UNIX commands found in the GNU textutils package. | ||
''' | '''در زیر خلاصهای از فایلها، اصطلاحات و ابزارهای مورد استفاده آمده است:''' | ||
* cat | * cat | ||
| Line 476: | Line 477: | ||
| style="background:#dadada" | | | style="background:#dadada" | | ||
''' | '''وزن''' | ||
| style="background:#eaeaea" | 4 | | style="background:#eaeaea" | 4 | ||
| Line 482: | Line 483: | ||
| style="background:#dadada; padding-right:1em" | | | style="background:#dadada; padding-right:1em" | | ||
''' | '''توضیح''' | ||
| style="background:#eaeaea" | | | style="background:#eaeaea" | | ||
| Line 490: | Line 491: | ||
|} | |} | ||
''' | '''بخش موضوعات کلیدی:''' | ||
* Copy, move and remove files and directories individually. | * Copy, move and remove files and directories individually. | ||
| Line 499: | Line 500: | ||
* Usage of tar, cpio and dd. | * Usage of tar, cpio and dd. | ||
''' | '''در زیر خلاصهای از فایلها، اصطلاحات و ابزارهای مورد استفاده آمده است:''' | ||
* cp | * cp | ||
| Line 525: | Line 526: | ||
| style="background:#dadada" | | | style="background:#dadada" | | ||
''' | '''وزن''' | ||
| style="background:#eaeaea" | 4 | | style="background:#eaeaea" | 4 | ||
| Line 531: | Line 532: | ||
| style="background:#dadada; padding-right:1em" | | | style="background:#dadada; padding-right:1em" | | ||
''' | '''توضیح''' | ||
| style="background:#eaeaea" | | | style="background:#eaeaea" | | ||
| Line 539: | Line 540: | ||
|} | |} | ||
''' | '''بخش موضوعات کلیدی:''' | ||
* Redirecting standard input, standard output and standard error. | * Redirecting standard input, standard output and standard error. | ||
| Line 546: | Line 547: | ||
* Send output to both stdout and a file. | * Send output to both stdout and a file. | ||
''' | '''در زیر خلاصهای از فایلها، اصطلاحات و ابزارهای مورد استفاده آمده است:''' | ||
* tee | * tee | ||
| Line 557: | Line 558: | ||
| style="background:#dadada" | | | style="background:#dadada" | | ||
''' | '''وزن''' | ||
| style="background:#eaeaea" | 4 | | style="background:#eaeaea" | 4 | ||
| Line 563: | Line 564: | ||
| style="background:#dadada; padding-right:1em" | | | style="background:#dadada; padding-right:1em" | | ||
''' | '''توضیح''' | ||
| style="background:#eaeaea" | | | style="background:#eaeaea" | | ||
| Line 571: | Line 572: | ||
|} | |} | ||
''' | '''بخش موضوعات کلیدی:''' | ||
* Run jobs in the foreground and background. | * Run jobs in the foreground and background. | ||
| Line 579: | Line 580: | ||
* Send signals to processes. | * Send signals to processes. | ||
''' | '''در زیر خلاصهای از فایلها، اصطلاحات و ابزارهای مورد استفاده آمده است:''' | ||
* & | * & | ||
| Line 600: | Line 601: | ||
| style="background:#dadada" | | | style="background:#dadada" | | ||
''' | '''وزن''' | ||
| style="background:#eaeaea" | 2 | | style="background:#eaeaea" | 2 | ||
| Line 606: | Line 607: | ||
| style="background:#dadada; padding-right:1em" | | | style="background:#dadada; padding-right:1em" | | ||
''' | '''توضیح''' | ||
| style="background:#eaeaea" | | | style="background:#eaeaea" | | ||
| Line 614: | Line 615: | ||
|} | |} | ||
''' | '''بخش موضوعات کلیدی:''' | ||
* Know the default priority of a job that is created. | * Know the default priority of a job that is created. | ||
| Line 620: | Line 621: | ||
* Change the priority of a running process. | * Change the priority of a running process. | ||
''' | '''در زیر خلاصهای از فایلها، اصطلاحات و ابزارهای مورد استفاده آمده است:''' | ||
* nice | * nice | ||
| Line 634: | Line 635: | ||
| style="background:#dadada" | | | style="background:#dadada" | | ||
''' | '''وزن''' | ||
| style="background:#eaeaea" | 2 | | style="background:#eaeaea" | 2 | ||
| Line 640: | Line 641: | ||
| style="background:#dadada; padding-right:1em" | | | style="background:#dadada; padding-right:1em" | | ||
''' | '''توضیح''' | ||
| style="background:#eaeaea" | | | style="background:#eaeaea" | | ||
| Line 648: | Line 649: | ||
|} | |} | ||
''' | '''بخش موضوعات کلیدی:''' | ||
* Create simple regular expressions containing several notational elements. | * Create simple regular expressions containing several notational elements. | ||
* Use regular expression tools to perform searches through a filesystem or file content. | * Use regular expression tools to perform searches through a filesystem or file content. | ||
''' | '''در زیر خلاصهای از فایلها، اصطلاحات و ابزارهای مورد استفاده آمده است:''' | ||
* grep | * grep | ||
| Line 668: | Line 669: | ||
| style="background:#dadada" | | | style="background:#dadada" | | ||
''' | '''وزن''' | ||
| style="background:#eaeaea" | 3 | | style="background:#eaeaea" | 3 | ||
| Line 674: | Line 675: | ||
| style="background:#dadada; padding-right:1em" | | | style="background:#dadada; padding-right:1em" | | ||
''' | '''توضیح''' | ||
| style="background:#eaeaea" | | | style="background:#eaeaea" | | ||
| Line 682: | Line 683: | ||
|} | |} | ||
''' | '''بخش موضوعات کلیدی:''' | ||
* Navigate a document using vi. | * Navigate a document using vi. | ||
| Line 688: | Line 689: | ||
* Insert, edit, delete, copy and find text. | * Insert, edit, delete, copy and find text. | ||
''' | '''در زیر خلاصهای از فایلها، اصطلاحات و ابزارهای مورد استفاده آمده است:''' | ||
* vi | * vi | ||
| Line 706: | Line 707: | ||
| style="background:#dadada" | | | style="background:#dadada" | | ||
''' | '''وزن''' | ||
| style="background:#eaeaea" | 2 | | style="background:#eaeaea" | 2 | ||
| Line 712: | Line 713: | ||
| style="background:#dadada; padding-right:1em" | | | style="background:#dadada; padding-right:1em" | | ||
''' | '''توضیح''' | ||
| style="background:#eaeaea" | | | style="background:#eaeaea" | | ||
| Line 720: | Line 721: | ||
|} | |} | ||
''' | '''بخش موضوعات کلیدی:''' | ||
* Use various mkfs commands to set up partitions and create various filesystems such as: | * Use various mkfs commands to set up partitions and create various filesystems such as: | ||
| Line 728: | Line 729: | ||
** vfat | ** vfat | ||
''' | '''در زیر خلاصهای از فایلها، اصطلاحات و ابزارهای مورد استفاده آمده است:''' | ||
* fdisk | * fdisk | ||
| Line 741: | Line 742: | ||
| style="background:#dadada" | | | style="background:#dadada" | | ||
''' | '''وزن''' | ||
| style="background:#eaeaea" | 2 | | style="background:#eaeaea" | 2 | ||
| Line 747: | Line 748: | ||
| style="background:#dadada; padding-right:1em" | | | style="background:#dadada; padding-right:1em" | | ||
''' | '''توضیح''' | ||
| style="background:#eaeaea" | | | style="background:#eaeaea" | | ||
| Line 755: | Line 756: | ||
|} | |} | ||
''' | '''بخش موضوعات کلیدی:''' | ||
* Verify the integrity of filesystems. | * Verify the integrity of filesystems. | ||
| Line 761: | Line 762: | ||
* Repair simple filesystem problems. | * Repair simple filesystem problems. | ||
''' | '''در زیر خلاصهای از فایلها، اصطلاحات و ابزارهای مورد استفاده آمده است:''' | ||
* du | * du | ||
| Line 779: | Line 780: | ||
| style="background:#dadada" | | | style="background:#dadada" | | ||
''' | '''وزن''' | ||
| style="background:#eaeaea" | 3 | | style="background:#eaeaea" | 3 | ||
| Line 785: | Line 786: | ||
| style="background:#dadada; padding-right:1em" | | | style="background:#dadada; padding-right:1em" | | ||
''' | '''توضیح''' | ||
| style="background:#eaeaea" | | | style="background:#eaeaea" | | ||
| Line 793: | Line 794: | ||
|} | |} | ||
''' | '''بخش موضوعات کلیدی:''' | ||
* Manually mount and unmount filesystems. | * Manually mount and unmount filesystems. | ||
| Line 799: | Line 800: | ||
* Configure user mountable removable filesystems. | * Configure user mountable removable filesystems. | ||
''' | '''در زیر خلاصهای از فایلها، اصطلاحات و ابزارهای مورد استفاده آمده است:''' | ||
* /etc/fstab | * /etc/fstab | ||
| Line 813: | Line 814: | ||
| style="background:#dadada" | | | style="background:#dadada" | | ||
''' | '''وزن''' | ||
| style="background:#eaeaea" | 1 | | style="background:#eaeaea" | 1 | ||
| Line 819: | Line 820: | ||
| style="background:#dadada; padding-right:1em" | | | style="background:#dadada; padding-right:1em" | | ||
''' | '''توضیح''' | ||
| style="background:#eaeaea" | | | style="background:#eaeaea" | | ||
| Line 827: | Line 828: | ||
|} | |} | ||
''' | '''بخش موضوعات کلیدی:''' | ||
* Set up a disk quota for a filesystem. | * Set up a disk quota for a filesystem. | ||
* Edit, check and generate user quota reports. | * Edit, check and generate user quota reports. | ||
''' | '''در زیر خلاصهای از فایلها، اصطلاحات و ابزارهای مورد استفاده آمده است:''' | ||
* quota | * quota | ||
| Line 846: | Line 847: | ||
| style="background:#dadada" | | | style="background:#dadada" | | ||
''' | '''وزن''' | ||
| style="background:#eaeaea" | 3 | | style="background:#eaeaea" | 3 | ||
| Line 852: | Line 853: | ||
| style="background:#dadada; padding-right:1em" | | | style="background:#dadada; padding-right:1em" | | ||
''' | '''توضیح''' | ||
| style="background:#eaeaea" | | | style="background:#eaeaea" | | ||
| Line 860: | Line 861: | ||
|} | |} | ||
''' | '''بخش موضوعات کلیدی:''' | ||
* Manage access permissions on regular and special files as well as directories. | * Manage access permissions on regular and special files as well as directories. | ||
| Line 867: | Line 868: | ||
* Use the group field to grant file access to group members. | * Use the group field to grant file access to group members. | ||
''' | '''در زیر خلاصهای از فایلها، اصطلاحات و ابزارهای مورد استفاده آمده است:''' | ||
* chmod | * chmod | ||
| Line 880: | Line 881: | ||
| style="background:#dadada" | | | style="background:#dadada" | | ||
''' | '''وزن''' | ||
| style="background:#eaeaea" | 2 | | style="background:#eaeaea" | 2 | ||
| Line 886: | Line 887: | ||
| style="background:#dadada; padding-right:1em" | | | style="background:#dadada; padding-right:1em" | | ||
''' | '''توضیح''' | ||
| style="background:#eaeaea" | | | style="background:#eaeaea" | | ||
| Line 894: | Line 895: | ||
|} | |} | ||
''' | '''بخش موضوعات کلیدی:''' | ||
* Create links. | * Create links. | ||
| Line 901: | Line 902: | ||
* Use links to support system administration tasks. | * Use links to support system administration tasks. | ||
''' | '''در زیر خلاصهای از فایلها، اصطلاحات و ابزارهای مورد استفاده آمده است:''' | ||
* ln | * ln | ||
| Line 912: | Line 913: | ||
| style="background:#dadada" | | | style="background:#dadada" | | ||
''' | '''وزن''' | ||
| style="background:#eaeaea" | 2 | | style="background:#eaeaea" | 2 | ||
| Line 918: | Line 919: | ||
| style="background:#dadada; padding-right:1em" | | | style="background:#dadada; padding-right:1em" | | ||
''' | '''توضیح''' | ||
| style="background:#eaeaea" | | | style="background:#eaeaea" | | ||
| Line 926: | Line 927: | ||
|} | |} | ||
''' | '''بخش موضوعات کلیدی:''' | ||
* Understand the correct locations of files under the FHS. | * Understand the correct locations of files under the FHS. | ||
| Line 932: | Line 933: | ||
* Know the location and purpose of important file and directories as defined in the FHS. | * Know the location and purpose of important file and directories as defined in the FHS. | ||
''' | '''در زیر خلاصهای از فایلها، اصطلاحات و ابزارهای مورد استفاده آمده است:''' | ||
* find | * find | ||
| Line 953: | Line 954: | ||
| style="background:#dadada" | | | style="background:#dadada" | | ||
''' | '''وزن''' | ||
| style="background:#eaeaea" | 4 | | style="background:#eaeaea" | 4 | ||
| Line 959: | Line 960: | ||
| style="background:#dadada; padding-right:1em" | | | style="background:#dadada; padding-right:1em" | | ||
''' | '''توضیح''' | ||
| style="background:#eaeaea" | | | style="background:#eaeaea" | | ||
| Line 967: | Line 968: | ||
|} | |} | ||
''' | '''بخش موضوعات کلیدی:''' | ||
* Set environment variables (e.g. PATH) at login or when spawning a new shell. | * Set environment variables (e.g. PATH) at login or when spawning a new shell. | ||
| Line 974: | Line 975: | ||
* Set command search path with the proper directory. | * Set command search path with the proper directory. | ||
''' | '''در زیر خلاصهای از فایلها، اصطلاحات و ابزارهای مورد استفاده آمده است:''' | ||
* /etc/profile | * /etc/profile | ||
| Line 997: | Line 998: | ||
| style="background:#dadada" | | | style="background:#dadada" | | ||
''' | '''وزن''' | ||
| style="background:#eaeaea" | 4 | | style="background:#eaeaea" | 4 | ||
| Line 1,003: | Line 1,004: | ||
| style="background:#dadada; padding-right:1em" | | | style="background:#dadada; padding-right:1em" | | ||
''' | '''توضیح''' | ||
| style="background:#eaeaea" | | | style="background:#eaeaea" | | ||
| Line 1,011: | Line 1,012: | ||
|} | |} | ||
''' | '''بخش موضوعات کلیدی:''' | ||
* Use standard sh syntax (loops, tests). | * Use standard sh syntax (loops, tests). | ||
| Line 1,020: | Line 1,021: | ||
* Manage the location, ownership, execution and suid-rights of scripts. | * Manage the location, ownership, execution and suid-rights of scripts. | ||
''' | '''در زیر خلاصهای از فایلها، اصطلاحات و ابزارهای مورد استفاده آمده است:''' | ||
* for | * for | ||
| Line 1,036: | Line 1,037: | ||
| style="background:#dadada" | | | style="background:#dadada" | | ||
''' | '''وزن''' | ||
| style="background:#eaeaea" | 2 | | style="background:#eaeaea" | 2 | ||
| Line 1,042: | Line 1,043: | ||
| style="background:#dadada; padding-right:1em" | | | style="background:#dadada; padding-right:1em" | | ||
''' | '''توضیح''' | ||
| style="background:#eaeaea" | | | style="background:#eaeaea" | | ||
| Line 1,050: | Line 1,051: | ||
|} | |} | ||
''' | '''بخش موضوعات کلیدی:''' | ||
* Use of basic SQL commands. | * Use of basic SQL commands. | ||
* Perform basic data manipulation. | * Perform basic data manipulation. | ||
''' | '''در زیر خلاصهای از فایلها، اصطلاحات و ابزارهای مورد استفاده آمده است:''' | ||
* insert | * insert | ||
| Line 1,076: | Line 1,077: | ||
| style="background:#dadada" | | | style="background:#dadada" | | ||
''' | '''وزن''' | ||
| style="background:#eaeaea" | 2 | | style="background:#eaeaea" | 2 | ||
| Line 1,082: | Line 1,083: | ||
| style="background:#dadada; padding-right:1em" | | | style="background:#dadada; padding-right:1em" | | ||
''' | '''توضیح''' | ||
| style="background:#eaeaea" | | | style="background:#eaeaea" | | ||
| Line 1,090: | Line 1,091: | ||
|} | |} | ||
''' | '''بخش موضوعات کلیدی:''' | ||
* Verify that the video card and monitor are supported by an X server. | * Verify that the video card and monitor are supported by an X server. | ||
| Line 1,096: | Line 1,097: | ||
* Basic understanding and knowledge of the X Window configuration file. | * Basic understanding and knowledge of the X Window configuration file. | ||
''' | '''در زیر خلاصهای از فایلها، اصطلاحات و ابزارهای مورد استفاده آمده است:''' | ||
* /etc/X11/xorg.conf | * /etc/X11/xorg.conf | ||
| Line 1,112: | Line 1,113: | ||
| style="background:#dadada" | | | style="background:#dadada" | | ||
''' | '''وزن''' | ||
| style="background:#eaeaea" | 2 | | style="background:#eaeaea" | 2 | ||
| Line 1,118: | Line 1,119: | ||
| style="background:#dadada; padding-right:1em" | | | style="background:#dadada; padding-right:1em" | | ||
''' | '''توضیح''' | ||
| style="background:#eaeaea" | | | style="background:#eaeaea" | | ||
| Line 1,126: | Line 1,127: | ||
|} | |} | ||
''' | '''بخش موضوعات کلیدی:''' | ||
* Turn the display manager on or off. | * Turn the display manager on or off. | ||
| Line 1,133: | Line 1,134: | ||
* Configure display managers for use by X-stations. | * Configure display managers for use by X-stations. | ||
''' | '''در زیر خلاصهای از فایلها، اصطلاحات و ابزارهای مورد استفاده آمده است:''' | ||
* /etc/inittab | * /etc/inittab | ||
| Line 1,147: | Line 1,148: | ||
| style="background:#dadada" | | | style="background:#dadada" | | ||
''' | '''وزن''' | ||
| style="background:#eaeaea" | 1 | | style="background:#eaeaea" | 1 | ||
| Line 1,153: | Line 1,154: | ||
| style="background:#dadada; padding-right:1em" | | | style="background:#dadada; padding-right:1em" | | ||
''' | '''توضیح''' | ||
| style="background:#eaeaea" | | | style="background:#eaeaea" | | ||
| Line 1,161: | Line 1,162: | ||
|} | |} | ||
''' | '''بخش موضوعات کلیدی:''' | ||
* Keyboard Accessibility Settings (AccessX). | * Keyboard Accessibility Settings (AccessX). | ||
| Line 1,167: | Line 1,168: | ||
* Assistive Technology (ATs). | * Assistive Technology (ATs). | ||
''' | '''در زیر خلاصهای از فایلها، اصطلاحات و ابزارهای مورد استفاده آمده است:''' | ||
* Sticky/Repeat Keys. | * Sticky/Repeat Keys. | ||
| Line 1,191: | Line 1,192: | ||
| style="background:#dadada" | | | style="background:#dadada" | | ||
''' | '''وزن''' | ||
| style="background:#eaeaea" | 5 | | style="background:#eaeaea" | 5 | ||
| Line 1,197: | Line 1,198: | ||
| style="background:#dadada; padding-right:1em" | | | style="background:#dadada; padding-right:1em" | | ||
''' | '''توضیح''' | ||
| style="background:#eaeaea" | | | style="background:#eaeaea" | | ||
| Line 1,205: | Line 1,206: | ||
|} | |} | ||
''' | '''بخش موضوعات کلیدی:''' | ||
* Add, modify and remove users and groups. | * Add, modify and remove users and groups. | ||
| Line 1,211: | Line 1,212: | ||
* Create and manage special purpose and limited accounts. | * Create and manage special purpose and limited accounts. | ||
''' | '''در زیر خلاصهای از فایلها، اصطلاحات و ابزارهای مورد استفاده آمده است:''' | ||
* /etc/passwd | * /etc/passwd | ||
| Line 1,233: | Line 1,234: | ||
| style="background:#dadada" | | | style="background:#dadada" | | ||
''' | '''وزن''' | ||
| style="background:#eaeaea" | 4 | | style="background:#eaeaea" | 4 | ||
| Line 1,239: | Line 1,240: | ||
| style="background:#dadada; padding-right:1em" | | | style="background:#dadada; padding-right:1em" | | ||
''' | '''توضیح''' | ||
| style="background:#eaeaea" | | | style="background:#eaeaea" | | ||
| Line 1,247: | Line 1,248: | ||
|} | |} | ||
''' | '''بخش موضوعات کلیدی:''' | ||
* Manage cron and at jobs. | * Manage cron and at jobs. | ||
* Configure user access to cron and at services. | * Configure user access to cron and at services. | ||
''' | '''در زیر خلاصهای از فایلها، اصطلاحات و ابزارهای مورد استفاده آمده است:''' | ||
* /etc/cron.{d,daily,hourly,monthly,weekly} | * /etc/cron.{d,daily,hourly,monthly,weekly} | ||
| Line 1,273: | Line 1,274: | ||
| style="background:#dadada" | | | style="background:#dadada" | | ||
''' | '''وزن''' | ||
| Line 1,280: | Line 1,281: | ||
| style="background:#dadada; padding-right:1em" | | | style="background:#dadada; padding-right:1em" | | ||
''' | '''توضیح''' | ||
| style="background:#eaeaea" | | | style="background:#eaeaea" | | ||
| Line 1,288: | Line 1,289: | ||
|} | |} | ||
''' | '''بخش موضوعات کلیدی:''' | ||
* Locale settings. | * Locale settings. | ||
* Timezone settings. | * Timezone settings. | ||
''' | '''در زیر خلاصهای از فایلها، اصطلاحات و ابزارهای مورد استفاده آمده است:''' | ||
* /etc/timezone | * /etc/timezone | ||
| Line 1,322: | Line 1,323: | ||
| style="background:#dadada" | | | style="background:#dadada" | | ||
''' | '''وزن''' | ||
| style="background:#eaeaea" | 3 | | style="background:#eaeaea" | 3 | ||
| Line 1,328: | Line 1,329: | ||
| style="background:#dadada; padding-right:1em" | | | style="background:#dadada; padding-right:1em" | | ||
''' | '''توضیح''' | ||
| style="background:#eaeaea" | | | style="background:#eaeaea" | | ||
| Line 1,336: | Line 1,337: | ||
|} | |} | ||
''' | '''بخش موضوعات کلیدی:''' | ||
* Set the system date and time. | * Set the system date and time. | ||
| Line 1,344: | Line 1,345: | ||
* Knowledge of using the pool.ntp.org service. | * Knowledge of using the pool.ntp.org service. | ||
''' | '''در زیر خلاصهای از فایلها، اصطلاحات و ابزارهای مورد استفاده آمده است:''' | ||
* /usr/share/zoneinfo | * /usr/share/zoneinfo | ||
| Line 1,363: | Line 1,364: | ||
| style="background:#dadada" | | | style="background:#dadada" | | ||
''' | '''وزن''' | ||
| style="background:#eaeaea" | 2 | | style="background:#eaeaea" | 2 | ||
| Line 1,369: | Line 1,370: | ||
| style="background:#dadada; padding-right:1em" | | | style="background:#dadada; padding-right:1em" | | ||
''' | '''توضیح''' | ||
| style="background:#eaeaea" | | | style="background:#eaeaea" | | ||
| Line 1,377: | Line 1,378: | ||
|} | |} | ||
''' | '''بخش موضوعات کلیدی:''' | ||
* syslog configuration files. | * syslog configuration files. | ||
| Line 1,383: | Line 1,384: | ||
* standard facilities, priorities and actions. | * standard facilities, priorities and actions. | ||
''' | '''در زیر خلاصهای از فایلها، اصطلاحات و ابزارهای مورد استفاده آمده است:''' | ||
* syslog.conf | * syslog.conf | ||
| Line 1,396: | Line 1,397: | ||
| style="background:#dadada" | | | style="background:#dadada" | | ||
''' | '''وزن''' | ||
| style="background:#eaeaea" | 3 | | style="background:#eaeaea" | 3 | ||
| Line 1,402: | Line 1,403: | ||
| style="background:#dadada; padding-right:1em" | | | style="background:#dadada; padding-right:1em" | | ||
''' | '''توضیح''' | ||
| style="background:#eaeaea" | | | style="background:#eaeaea" | | ||
| Line 1,410: | Line 1,411: | ||
|} | |} | ||
''' | '''بخش موضوعات کلیدی:''' | ||
* Create e-mail aliases. | * Create e-mail aliases. | ||
| Line 1,416: | Line 1,417: | ||
* Knowledge of commonly available MTA programs (postfix, sendmail, qmail, exim) (no configuration) | * Knowledge of commonly available MTA programs (postfix, sendmail, qmail, exim) (no configuration) | ||
''' | '''در زیر خلاصهای از فایلها، اصطلاحات و ابزارهای مورد استفاده آمده است:''' | ||
* ~/.forward | * ~/.forward | ||
| Line 1,435: | Line 1,436: | ||
| style="background:#dadada" | | | style="background:#dadada" | | ||
''' | '''وزن''' | ||
| style="background:#eaeaea" | 2 | | style="background:#eaeaea" | 2 | ||
| Line 1,441: | Line 1,442: | ||
| style="background:#dadada; padding-right:1em" | | | style="background:#dadada; padding-right:1em" | | ||
''' | '''توضیح''' | ||
| style="background:#eaeaea" | | | style="background:#eaeaea" | | ||
| Line 1,449: | Line 1,450: | ||
|} | |} | ||
''' | '''بخش موضوعات کلیدی:''' | ||
* Basic CUPS configuration (for local and remote printers). | * Basic CUPS configuration (for local and remote printers). | ||
| Line 1,456: | Line 1,457: | ||
* Add and remove jobs from configured printer queues. | * Add and remove jobs from configured printer queues. | ||
''' | '''در زیر خلاصهای از فایلها، اصطلاحات و ابزارهای مورد استفاده آمده است:''' | ||
* CUPS configuration files, tools and utilities | * CUPS configuration files, tools and utilities | ||
| Line 1,471: | Line 1,472: | ||
| style="background:#dadada" | | | style="background:#dadada" | | ||
''' | '''وزن''' | ||
| style="background:#eaeaea" | 4 | | style="background:#eaeaea" | 4 | ||
| Line 1,477: | Line 1,478: | ||
| style="background:#dadada; padding-right:1em" | | | style="background:#dadada; padding-right:1em" | | ||
''' | '''توضیح''' | ||
| style="background:#eaeaea" | | | style="background:#eaeaea" | | ||
| Line 1,485: | Line 1,486: | ||
|} | |} | ||
''' | '''بخش موضوعات کلیدی:''' | ||
* Demonstrate an understanding network masks. | * Demonstrate an understanding network masks. | ||
| Line 1,495: | Line 1,496: | ||
* Knowledge of the basic features of IPv6. | * Knowledge of the basic features of IPv6. | ||
''' | '''در زیر خلاصهای از فایلها، اصطلاحات و ابزارهای مورد استفاده آمده است:''' | ||
* /etc/services | * /etc/services | ||
| Line 1,513: | Line 1,514: | ||
| style="background:#dadada" | | | style="background:#dadada" | | ||
''' | '''وزن''' | ||
| style="background:#eaeaea" | 4 | | style="background:#eaeaea" | 4 | ||
| Line 1,519: | Line 1,520: | ||
| style="background:#dadada; padding-right:1em" | | | style="background:#dadada; padding-right:1em" | | ||
''' | '''توضیح''' | ||
| style="background:#eaeaea" | | | style="background:#eaeaea" | | ||
| Line 1,527: | Line 1,528: | ||
|} | |} | ||
''' | '''بخش موضوعات کلیدی:''' | ||
* Manually and automatically configure network interfaces. | * Manually and automatically configure network interfaces. | ||
* Basic TCP/IP host configuration. | * Basic TCP/IP host configuration. | ||
''' | '''در زیر خلاصهای از فایلها، اصطلاحات و ابزارهای مورد استفاده آمده است:''' | ||
* /etc/hostname | * /etc/hostname | ||
| Line 1,551: | Line 1,552: | ||
| style="background:#dadada" | | | style="background:#dadada" | | ||
''' | '''وزن''' | ||
| style="background:#eaeaea" | 4 | | style="background:#eaeaea" | 4 | ||
| Line 1,557: | Line 1,558: | ||
| style="background:#dadada; padding-right:1em" | | | style="background:#dadada; padding-right:1em" | | ||
''' | '''توضیح''' | ||
| style="background:#eaeaea" | | | style="background:#eaeaea" | | ||
| Line 1,565: | Line 1,566: | ||
|} | |} | ||
''' | '''بخش موضوعات کلیدی:''' | ||
* Manually and automatically configure network interfaces and routing tables to include adding, starting, stopping, restarting, deleting or reconfiguring network interfaces. | * Manually and automatically configure network interfaces and routing tables to include adding, starting, stopping, restarting, deleting or reconfiguring network interfaces. | ||
| Line 1,571: | Line 1,572: | ||
* Debug problems associated with the network configuration. | * Debug problems associated with the network configuration. | ||
''' | '''در زیر خلاصهای از فایلها، اصطلاحات و ابزارهای مورد استفاده آمده است:''' | ||
* ifconfig | * ifconfig | ||
| Line 1,591: | Line 1,592: | ||
| style="background:#dadada" | | | style="background:#dadada" | | ||
''' | '''وزن''' | ||
| style="background:#eaeaea" | 2 | | style="background:#eaeaea" | 2 | ||
| Line 1,597: | Line 1,598: | ||
| style="background:#dadada; padding-right:1em" | | | style="background:#dadada; padding-right:1em" | | ||
''' | '''توضیح''' | ||
| style="background:#eaeaea" | | | style="background:#eaeaea" | | ||
| Line 1,605: | Line 1,606: | ||
|} | |} | ||
''' | '''بخش موضوعات کلیدی:''' | ||
* Demonstrate the use of DNS on the local system. | * Demonstrate the use of DNS on the local system. | ||
* Modify the order in which name resolution is done. | * Modify the order in which name resolution is done. | ||
''' | '''در زیر خلاصهای از فایلها، اصطلاحات و ابزارهای مورد استفاده آمده است:''' | ||
* /etc/hosts | * /etc/hosts | ||
| Line 1,625: | Line 1,626: | ||
| style="background:#dadada" | | | style="background:#dadada" | | ||
''' | '''وزن''' | ||
| style="background:#eaeaea" | 3 | | style="background:#eaeaea" | 3 | ||
| Line 1,631: | Line 1,632: | ||
| style="background:#dadada; padding-right:1em" | | | style="background:#dadada; padding-right:1em" | | ||
''' | '''توضیح''' | ||
| style="background:#eaeaea" | | | style="background:#eaeaea" | | ||
| Line 1,639: | Line 1,640: | ||
|} | |} | ||
''' | '''بخش موضوعات کلیدی:''' | ||
* Audit a system to find files with the suid/sgid bit set. | * Audit a system to find files with the suid/sgid bit set. | ||
| Line 1,647: | Line 1,648: | ||
* Basic sudo configuration and usage. | * Basic sudo configuration and usage. | ||
''' | '''در زیر خلاصهای از فایلها، اصطلاحات و ابزارهای مورد استفاده آمده است:''' | ||
* find | * find | ||
| Line 1,668: | Line 1,669: | ||
| style="background:#dadada" | | | style="background:#dadada" | | ||
''' | '''وزن''' | ||
| style="background:#eaeaea" | 3 | | style="background:#eaeaea" | 3 | ||
| Line 1,674: | Line 1,675: | ||
| style="background:#dadada; padding-right:1em" | | | style="background:#dadada; padding-right:1em" | | ||
''' | '''توضیح''' | ||
| style="background:#eaeaea" | | | style="background:#eaeaea" | | ||
| Line 1,682: | Line 1,683: | ||
|} | |} | ||
''' | '''بخش موضوعات کلیدی:''' | ||
* Awareness of shadow passwords and how they work. | * Awareness of shadow passwords and how they work. | ||
| Line 1,688: | Line 1,689: | ||
* Understand the role of TCP wrappers. | * Understand the role of TCP wrappers. | ||
''' | '''در زیر خلاصهای از فایلها، اصطلاحات و ابزارهای مورد استفاده آمده است:''' | ||
* /etc/nologin | * /etc/nologin | ||
| Line 1,709: | Line 1,710: | ||
| style="background:#dadada" | | | style="background:#dadada" | | ||
''' | '''وزن''' | ||
| style="background:#eaeaea" | 3 | | style="background:#eaeaea" | 3 | ||
| Line 1,715: | Line 1,716: | ||
| style="background:#dadada; padding-right:1em" | | | style="background:#dadada; padding-right:1em" | | ||
''' | '''توضیح''' | ||
| style="background:#eaeaea" | | | style="background:#eaeaea" | | ||
| Line 1,723: | Line 1,724: | ||
|} | |} | ||
''' | '''بخش موضوعات کلیدی:''' | ||
* Perform basic OpenSSH 2 client configuration and usage. | * Perform basic OpenSSH 2 client configuration and usage. | ||
| Line 1,730: | Line 1,731: | ||
* Understand SSH port tunnels (including X11 tunnels). | * Understand SSH port tunnels (including X11 tunnels). | ||
''' | '''در زیر خلاصهای از فایلها، اصطلاحات و ابزارهای مورد استفاده آمده است:''' | ||
* ssh | * ssh | ||
Latest revision as of 12:44, 19 April 2014
معرفی
این آزمون برای دریافت LPIC-1 یا LPI certification Level 1 الزامی است. سرفصلها مهارتهای پایه برای یک لینوکس کار حرفهای را در توزیعهای مطرح معمول هستند را پوشش می دهد.
این صفحه شامل سرفصلهای انتشار یافته برای آزمون LPIC-1 می باشد.-1 certification.
ویرایشها
این سرفصلها مربوط به به نسخه ۳.۵.۰ هستند
علاوه بر آن می توانید خلاصه و جزییات تغیر از نسخه 2.X به نسخه 3.5 را مطالعه کنید.
آزمونها
به منظور دریافت مدرک LPIC-1, داوطلبین باید آزمونهای 101 و 102 را با موفقیت پشت سر بگذارند.
ضمایم
ضمیمه شفاف سازی (Oct 1st, 2012)
- repost of previous clarification.
- added TZ env variable to 107.3 partial file list.
- added .bash_history to 103.1 key terms list.
ضمیمه بروزرسانی نسخه (Jul 2st, 2012)
- updated to version 3.5.0.
- added explicit coverage at the basic configuration level of GRUB 2 to 102.2 key terms list.
- added explicit coverage of the ext4 filesystem to 104.1 key terms list.
- included basic feature knowledge of systemd and Upstart in 101.3 key terms list.
- included basic feature knowledge of IPv6 in 109.1 key terms list.
- included basic feature knowledge of LVM in 102.1 key terms list.
- removed coverage of LILO from 102.2.
ضمیمه شفاف سازی (Oct 1st, 2011)
- added explicit mention of GPG key revocation to 110.3 key terms list.
ضمیمه شفاف سازی (Apr 1st, 2009)
- dropped X Font Server coverage to awareness level from 106.1 key terms list.
ضمیمه شفاف سازی (Jan 1st, 2009)
- added TZ env variable to 107.3 partial file list.
- added .bash_history to 103.1 key terms list.
ترجمه سرفصلها
The following translations of the objectives are available on this wiki:
- Catalan (currently 101 only).
- English.
- French.
- German.
- Greek.
- Portuguese(Portugal).
- Russian.
- Spanish.
- Swahili.
- Swedish.
- Turkish.
- Persian.
سرفصلهای آزمون ۱۰۱
سرفصل ۱۰۱: معماری سیستم
101.1 Determine and configure hardware settings
|
وزن |
2 |
|
توضیح |
داوطلبین باید توانایی تعیین و پیکربندی مقدماتی سخت افزار را داشته باشند. |
بخش موضوعات کلیدی:
- فعال و غیر فعال کردن تجهیزات.
- پیکربندی سیستم با یا بدون دستگاههای جانبی مانند صفحه کلید.
- تفاوت میان انواع تجهیزات ذخیره سازی.
- تنظیم مخصه (ID) درست برای انواع سخت افزار، به خصوص تجهیز بوت شونده.
- اطلاع از تفاوت میان تجهیزات coldplug و hotplug.
- تعیین منابع سخت افزاری برای تجهیزات.
- ابزارهایی که اطلاعات سخت افزارها را فهرست می کنند (مانند lsusb, lspci, ...).
- ابزارهای دستکاری تجهیزات USB.
- درک مفهوم sysfs, udev, hald, dbus.
در زیر خلاصهای از فایلها، اصطلاحات و ابزارهای مورد استفاده آمده است:
- /sys
- /proc
- /dev
- modprobe
- lsmod
- lspci
- lsusb
101.2 Boot the system
|
وزن |
3 |
|
توضیح
|
Candidates should be able to guide the system through the booting process. |
بخش موضوعات کلیدی:
- Provide common commands to the boot loader and options to the kernel at boot time.
- Demonstrate knowledge of the boot sequence from BIOS to boot completion.
- Check boot events in the log files.
در زیر خلاصهای از فایلها، اصطلاحات و ابزارهای مورد استفاده آمده است:
- /var/log/messages
- dmesg
- BIOS
- bootloader
- kernel
- init
101.3 Change runlevels and shutdown or reboot system
|
وزن |
3 |
|
توضیح |
Candidates should be able to manage the runlevel of the system. This objective includes changing to single user mode, shutdown or rebooting the system. Candidates should be able to alert users before switching run level and properly terminate processes. This objective also includes setting the default run level. It also includes basic feature knowledge of potential replacements to init. |
بخش موضوعات کلیدی:
- Set the default run level.
- Change between run levels including single user mode.
- Shutdown and reboot from the command line.
- Alert users before switching run levels or other major system event.
- Properly terminate processes.
- Knowledge of basic features of systemd and Upstart.
در زیر خلاصهای از فایلها، اصطلاحات و ابزارهای مورد استفاده آمده است:
- /etc/inittab
- shutdown
- init
- /etc/init.d
- telinit
Topic 102: Linux Installation and Package Management
102.1 Design hard disk layout
|
وزن |
2 |
|
توضیح |
Candidates should be able to design a disk partitioning scheme for a Linux system. |
بخش موضوعات کلیدی:
- Allocate filesystems and swap space to separate partitions or disks.
- Tailor the design to the intended use of the system.
- Ensure the /boot partition conforms to the hardware architecture requirements for booting.
- Knowledge of basic features of LVM.
در زیر خلاصهای از فایلها، اصطلاحات و ابزارهای مورد استفاده آمده است:
- / (root) filesystem.
- /var filesystem.
- /home filesystem.
- swap space.
- mount points.
- partitions.
102.2 Install a boot manager
|
وزن |
2 |
|
توضیح |
Candidates should be able to select, install and configure a boot manager. |
بخش موضوعات کلیدی:
- Providing alternative boot locations and backup boot options.
- Install and configure a boot loader such as GRUB Legacy.
- Perform basic configuration changes for GRUB 2.
- Interact with the boot loader.
در زیر خلاصهای از فایلها، اصطلاحات و ابزارهای مورد استفاده آمده است:
- /boot/grub/menu.lst, grub.cfg and other variations.
- grub-install.
- MBR.
- superblock.
102.3 Manage shared libraries
|
وزن |
1 |
|
توضیح |
Candidates should be able to determine the shared libraries that executable programs depend on and install them when necessary. |
بخش موضوعات کلیدی:
- Identify shared libraries.
- Identify the typical locations of system libraries.
- Load shared libraries.
در زیر خلاصهای از فایلها، اصطلاحات و ابزارهای مورد استفاده آمده است:
- ldd
- ldconfig
- /etc/ld.so.conf
- LD_LIBRARY_PATH
102.4 Use Debian package management
|
وزن |
3 |
|
توضیح |
Candidates should be able to perform package management using the Debian package tools. |
بخش موضوعات کلیدی:
- Install, upgrade and uninstall Debian binary packages.
- Find packages containing specific files or libraries which may or may not be installed.
- Obtain package information like version, content, dependencies, package integrity and installation status (whether or not the package is installed).
در زیر خلاصهای از فایلها، اصطلاحات و ابزارهای مورد استفاده آمده است:
- /etc/apt/sources.list
- dpkg
- dpkg-reconfigure
- apt-get
- apt-cache
- aptitude
102.5 Use RPM and YUM package management
|
وزن |
3 |
|
توضیح |
Candidates should be able to perform package management using RPM and YUM tools. |
بخش موضوعات کلیدی:
- Install, re-install, upgrade and remove packages using RPM and YUM.
- Obtain information on RPM packages such as version, status, dependencies, integrity and signatures.
- Determine what files a package provides, as well as find which package a specific file comes from.
در زیر خلاصهای از فایلها، اصطلاحات و ابزارهای مورد استفاده آمده است:
- rpm
- rpm2cpio
- /etc/yum.conf
- /etc/yum.repos.d/
- yum
- yumdownloader
Topic 103: GNU and Unix Commands
103.1 Work on the command line
|
وزن |
4 |
|
توضیح |
Candidates should be able to interact with shells and commands using the command line. The objective assumes the bash shell. |
بخش موضوعات کلیدی:
- Use single shell commands and one line command sequences to perform basic tasks on the command line.
- Use and modify the shell environment including defining, referencing and exporting environment variables.
- Use and edit command history.
- Invoke commands inside and outside the defined path.
در زیر خلاصهای از فایلها، اصطلاحات و ابزارهای مورد استفاده آمده است:
- .
- bash
- echo
- env
- exec
- export
- pwd
- set
- unset
- man
- uname
- history
- .bash_history
103.2 Process text streams using filters
|
وزن |
3 |
|
توضیح |
Candidates should should be able to apply filters to text streams. |
بخش موضوعات کلیدی:
- Send text files and output streams through text utility filters to modify the output using standard UNIX commands found in the GNU textutils package.
در زیر خلاصهای از فایلها، اصطلاحات و ابزارهای مورد استفاده آمده است:
- cat
- cut
- expand
- fmt
- head
- od
- join
- nl
- paste
- pr
- sed
- sort
- split
- tail
- tr
- unexpand
- uniq
- wc
103.3 Perform basic file management
|
وزن |
4 |
|
توضیح |
Candidates should be able to use the basic Linux commands to manage files and directories. |
بخش موضوعات کلیدی:
- Copy, move and remove files and directories individually.
- Copy multiple files and directories recursively.
- Remove files and directories recursively.
- Use simple and advanced wildcard specifications in commands.
- Using find to locate and act on files based on type, size, or time.
- Usage of tar, cpio and dd.
در زیر خلاصهای از فایلها، اصطلاحات و ابزارهای مورد استفاده آمده است:
- cp
- find
- mkdir
- mv
- ls
- rm
- rmdir
- touch
- tar
- cpio
- dd
- file
- gzip
- gunzip
- bzip2
- file globbing
103.4 Use streams, pipes and redirects
|
وزن |
4 |
|
توضیح |
Candidates should be able to redirect streams and connect them in order to efficiently process textual data. Tasks include redirecting standard input, standard output and standard error, piping the output of one command to the input of another command, using the output of one command as arguments to another command and sending output to both stdout and a file. |
بخش موضوعات کلیدی:
- Redirecting standard input, standard output and standard error.
- Pipe the output of one command to the input of another command.
- Use the output of one command as arguments to another command.
- Send output to both stdout and a file.
در زیر خلاصهای از فایلها، اصطلاحات و ابزارهای مورد استفاده آمده است:
- tee
- xargs
103.5 Create, monitor and kill processes
|
وزن |
4 |
|
توضیح |
Candidates should be able to perform basic process management. |
بخش موضوعات کلیدی:
- Run jobs in the foreground and background.
- Signal a program to continue running after logout.
- Monitor active processes.
- Select and sort processes for display.
- Send signals to processes.
در زیر خلاصهای از فایلها، اصطلاحات و ابزارهای مورد استفاده آمده است:
- &
- bg
- fg
- jobs
- kill
- nohup
- ps
- top
- free
- uptime
- killall
103.6 Modify process execution priorities
|
وزن |
2 |
|
توضیح |
Candidates should should be able to manage process execution priorities. |
بخش موضوعات کلیدی:
- Know the default priority of a job that is created.
- Run a program with higher or lower priority than the default.
- Change the priority of a running process.
در زیر خلاصهای از فایلها، اصطلاحات و ابزارهای مورد استفاده آمده است:
- nice
- ps
- renice
- top
103.7 Search text files using regular expressions
|
وزن |
2 |
|
توضیح |
Candidates should be able to manipulate files and text data using regular expressions. This objective includes creating simple regular expressions containing several notational elements. It also includes using regular expression tools to perform searches through a filesystem or file content. |
بخش موضوعات کلیدی:
- Create simple regular expressions containing several notational elements.
- Use regular expression tools to perform searches through a filesystem or file content.
در زیر خلاصهای از فایلها، اصطلاحات و ابزارهای مورد استفاده آمده است:
- grep
- egrep
- fgrep
- sed
- regex(7)
103.8 Perform basic file editing operations using vi
|
وزن |
3 |
|
توضیح |
Candidates should be able to edit text files using vi. This objective includes vi navigation, basic vi modes, inserting, editing, deleting, copying and finding text. |
بخش موضوعات کلیدی:
- Navigate a document using vi.
- Use basic vi modes.
- Insert, edit, delete, copy and find text.
در زیر خلاصهای از فایلها، اصطلاحات و ابزارهای مورد استفاده آمده است:
- vi
- /, ?
- h,j,k,l
- i, o, a
- c, d, p, y, dd, yy
- ZZ, :w!, :q!, :e!
Topic 104: Devices, Linux Filesystems, Filesystem Hierarchy Standard
104.1 Create partitions and filesystems
|
وزن |
2 |
|
توضیح |
Candidates should be able to configure disk partitions and then create filesystems on media such as hard disks. This includes the handling of swap partitions. |
بخش موضوعات کلیدی:
- Use various mkfs commands to set up partitions and create various filesystems such as:
- ext2/ext3/ext4
- xfs
- reiserfs v3
- vfat
در زیر خلاصهای از فایلها، اصطلاحات و ابزارهای مورد استفاده آمده است:
- fdisk
- mkfs
- mkswap
104.2 Maintain the integrity of filesystems
|
وزن |
2 |
|
توضیح |
Candidates should be able to maintain a standard filesystem, as well as the extra data associated with a journaling filesystem. |
بخش موضوعات کلیدی:
- Verify the integrity of filesystems.
- Monitor free space and inodes.
- Repair simple filesystem problems.
در زیر خلاصهای از فایلها، اصطلاحات و ابزارهای مورد استفاده آمده است:
- du
- df
- fsck
- e2fsck
- mke2fs
- debugfs
- dumpe2fs
- tune2fs
- xfs tools (such as xfs_metadump and xfs_info)
104.3 Control mounting and unmounting of filesystems
|
وزن |
3 |
|
توضیح |
Candidates should be able to configure the mounting of a filesystem. |
بخش موضوعات کلیدی:
- Manually mount and unmount filesystems.
- Configure filesystem mounting on bootup.
- Configure user mountable removable filesystems.
در زیر خلاصهای از فایلها، اصطلاحات و ابزارهای مورد استفاده آمده است:
- /etc/fstab
- /media
- mount
- umount
104.4 Manage disk quotas
|
وزن |
1 |
|
توضیح |
Candidates should be able to manage disk quotas for users. |
بخش موضوعات کلیدی:
- Set up a disk quota for a filesystem.
- Edit, check and generate user quota reports.
در زیر خلاصهای از فایلها، اصطلاحات و ابزارهای مورد استفاده آمده است:
- quota
- edquota
- repquota
- quotaon
104.5 Manage file permissions and ownership
|
وزن |
3 |
|
توضیح |
Candidates should be able to control file access through the proper use of permissions and ownerships. |
بخش موضوعات کلیدی:
- Manage access permissions on regular and special files as well as directories.
- Use access modes such as suid, sgid and the sticky bit to maintain security.
- Know how to change the file creation mask.
- Use the group field to grant file access to group members.
در زیر خلاصهای از فایلها، اصطلاحات و ابزارهای مورد استفاده آمده است:
- chmod
- umask
- chown
- chgrp
104.6 Create and change hard and symbolic links
|
وزن |
2 |
|
توضیح |
Candidates should be able to create and manage hard and symbolic links to a file. |
بخش موضوعات کلیدی:
- Create links.
- Identify hard and/or soft links.
- Copying versus linking files.
- Use links to support system administration tasks.
در زیر خلاصهای از فایلها، اصطلاحات و ابزارهای مورد استفاده آمده است:
- ln
104.7 Find system files and place files in the correct location
|
وزن |
2 |
|
توضیح |
Candidates should be thoroughly familiar with the Filesystem Hierarchy Standard (FHS), including typical file locations and directory classifications. |
بخش موضوعات کلیدی:
- Understand the correct locations of files under the FHS.
- Find files and commands on a Linux system.
- Know the location and purpose of important file and directories as defined in the FHS.
در زیر خلاصهای از فایلها، اصطلاحات و ابزارهای مورد استفاده آمده است:
- find
- locate
- updatedb
- whereis
- which
- type
- /etc/updatedb.conf
Objectives: Exam 102
Topic 105: Shells, Scripting and Data Management
105.1 Customize and use the shell environment
|
وزن |
4 |
|
توضیح |
Candidates should be able to customize shell environments to meet users' needs. Candidates should be able to modify global and user profiles. |
بخش موضوعات کلیدی:
- Set environment variables (e.g. PATH) at login or when spawning a new shell.
- Write BASH functions for frequently used sequences of commands.
- Maintain skeleton directories for new user accounts.
- Set command search path with the proper directory.
در زیر خلاصهای از فایلها، اصطلاحات و ابزارهای مورد استفاده آمده است:
- /etc/profile
- env
- export
- set
- unset
- ~/.bash_profile
- ~/.bash_login
- ~/.profile
- ~/.bashrc
- ~/.bash_logout
- function
- alias
- lists
105.2 Customize or write simple scripts
|
وزن |
4 |
|
توضیح |
Candidates should be able to customize existing scripts, or write simple new BASH scripts. |
بخش موضوعات کلیدی:
- Use standard sh syntax (loops, tests).
- Use command substitution.
- Test return values for success or failure or other information provided by a command.
- Perform conditional mailing to the superuser.
- Correctly select the script interpreter through the shebang (#!) line.
- Manage the location, ownership, execution and suid-rights of scripts.
در زیر خلاصهای از فایلها، اصطلاحات و ابزارهای مورد استفاده آمده است:
- for
- while
- test
- if
- read
- seq
105.3 SQL data management
|
وزن |
2 |
|
توضیح |
Candidates should be able to query databases and manipulate data using basic SQL commands. This objective includes performing queries involving joining of 2 tables and/or subselects. |
بخش موضوعات کلیدی:
- Use of basic SQL commands.
- Perform basic data manipulation.
در زیر خلاصهای از فایلها، اصطلاحات و ابزارهای مورد استفاده آمده است:
- insert
- update
- select
- delete
- from
- where
- group by
- order by
- join
Topic 106: User Interfaces and Desktops
106.1 Install and configure X11
|
وزن |
2 |
|
توضیح |
Candidates should be able to install and configure X11. |
بخش موضوعات کلیدی:
- Verify that the video card and monitor are supported by an X server.
- Awareness of the X font server.
- Basic understanding and knowledge of the X Window configuration file.
در زیر خلاصهای از فایلها، اصطلاحات و ابزارهای مورد استفاده آمده است:
- /etc/X11/xorg.conf
- xhost
- DISPLAY
- xwininfo
- xdpyinfo
- X
106.2 Setup a display manager
|
وزن |
2 |
|
توضیح |
Candidates should be able to setup and customize a display manager. This objective covers the display managers XDM (X Display Manger), GDM (Gnome Display Manager) and KDM (KDE Display Manager). |
بخش موضوعات کلیدی:
- Turn the display manager on or off.
- Change the display manager greeting.
- Change default color depth for the display manager.
- Configure display managers for use by X-stations.
در زیر خلاصهای از فایلها، اصطلاحات و ابزارهای مورد استفاده آمده است:
- /etc/inittab
- xdm configuration files
- kdm configuration files
- gdm configuration files
106.3 Accessibility
|
وزن |
1 |
|
توضیح |
Demonstrate knowledge and awareness of accessibility technologies. |
بخش موضوعات کلیدی:
- Keyboard Accessibility Settings (AccessX).
- Visual Settings and Themes.
- Assistive Technology (ATs).
در زیر خلاصهای از فایلها، اصطلاحات و ابزارهای مورد استفاده آمده است:
- Sticky/Repeat Keys.
- Slow/Bounce/Toggle Keys.
- Mouse Keys.
- High Contrast/Large Print Desktop Themes.
- Screen Reader.
- Braille Display.
- Screen Magnifier.
- On-Screen Keyboard.
- Gestures (used at login, for example gdm).
- Orca.
- GOK.
- emacspeak.
Topic 107: Administrative Tasks
107.1 Manage user and group accounts and related system files
|
وزن |
5 |
|
توضیح |
Candidates should be able to add, remove, suspend and change user accounts. |
بخش موضوعات کلیدی:
- Add, modify and remove users and groups.
- Manage user/group info in password/group databases.
- Create and manage special purpose and limited accounts.
در زیر خلاصهای از فایلها، اصطلاحات و ابزارهای مورد استفاده آمده است:
- /etc/passwd
- /etc/shadow
- /etc/group
- /etc/skel
- chage
- groupadd
- groupdel
- groupmod
- passwd
- useradd
- userdel
- usermod
107.2 Automate system administration tasks by scheduling jobs
|
وزن |
4 |
|
توضیح |
Candidates should be able to use cron or anacron to run jobs at regular intervals and to use at to run jobs at a specific time. |
بخش موضوعات کلیدی:
- Manage cron and at jobs.
- Configure user access to cron and at services.
در زیر خلاصهای از فایلها، اصطلاحات و ابزارهای مورد استفاده آمده است:
- /etc/cron.{d,daily,hourly,monthly,weekly}
- /etc/at.deny
- /etc/at.allow
- /etc/crontab
- /etc/cron.allow
- /etc/cron.deny
- /var/spool/cron/*
- crontab
- at
- atq
- atrm
107.3 Localisation and internationalisation
|
وزن
|
3 |
|
توضیح |
Candidates should be able to localize a system in a different language than English. As well, an understanding of why LANG=C is useful when scripting. |
بخش موضوعات کلیدی:
- Locale settings.
- Timezone settings.
در زیر خلاصهای از فایلها، اصطلاحات و ابزارهای مورد استفاده آمده است:
- /etc/timezone
- /etc/localtime
- /usr/share/zoneinfo
- Environment variables:
- LC_*
- LC_ALL
- LANG
- TZ
- /usr/bin/locale
- tzselect
- tzconfig
- date
- iconv
- UTF-8
- ISO-8859
- ASCII
- Unicode
Topic 108: Essential System Services
108.1 Maintain system time
|
وزن |
3 |
|
توضیح |
Candidates should be able to properly maintain the system time and synchronize the clock via NTP. |
بخش موضوعات کلیدی:
- Set the system date and time.
- Set the hardware clock to the correct time in UTC.
- Configure the correct timezone.
- Basic NTP configuration.
- Knowledge of using the pool.ntp.org service.
در زیر خلاصهای از فایلها، اصطلاحات و ابزارهای مورد استفاده آمده است:
- /usr/share/zoneinfo
- /etc/timezone
- /etc/localtime
- /etc/ntp.conf
- date
- hwclock
- ntpd
- ntpdate
- pool.ntp.org
108.2 System logging
|
وزن |
2 |
|
توضیح |
Candidates should be able to configure the syslog daemon. This objective also includes configuring the logging daemon to send log output to a central log server or accept log output as a central log server. |
بخش موضوعات کلیدی:
- syslog configuration files.
- syslog.
- standard facilities, priorities and actions.
در زیر خلاصهای از فایلها، اصطلاحات و ابزارهای مورد استفاده آمده است:
- syslog.conf
- syslogd
- klogd
- logger
108.3 Mail Transfer Agent (MTA) basics
|
وزن |
3 |
|
توضیح |
Candidates should be aware of the commonly available MTA programs and be able to perform basic forward and alias configuration on a client host. Other configuration files are not covered. |
بخش موضوعات کلیدی:
- Create e-mail aliases.
- Configure e-mail forwarding.
- Knowledge of commonly available MTA programs (postfix, sendmail, qmail, exim) (no configuration)
در زیر خلاصهای از فایلها، اصطلاحات و ابزارهای مورد استفاده آمده است:
- ~/.forward
- sendmail emulation layer commands
- newaliases
- mailq
- postfix
- sendmail
- exim
- qmail
108.4 Manage printers and printing
|
وزن |
2 |
|
توضیح |
Candidates should be able to manage print queues and user print jobs using CUPS and the LPD compatibility interface. |
بخش موضوعات کلیدی:
- Basic CUPS configuration (for local and remote printers).
- Manage user print queues.
- Troubleshoot general printing problems.
- Add and remove jobs from configured printer queues.
در زیر خلاصهای از فایلها، اصطلاحات و ابزارهای مورد استفاده آمده است:
- CUPS configuration files, tools and utilities
- /etc/cups
- lpd legacy interface (lpr, lprm, lpq)
Topic 109: Networking Fundamentals
109.1 Fundamentals of internet protocols
|
وزن |
4 |
|
توضیح |
Candidates should demonstrate a proper understanding of TCP/IP network fundamentals. |
بخش موضوعات کلیدی:
- Demonstrate an understanding network masks.
- Knowledge of the differences between private and public "dotted quad" IP-Addresses.
- Setting a default route.
- Knowledge about common TCP and UDP ports (20, 21, 22, 23, 25, 53, 80, 110, 119, 139, 143, 161, 443, 465, 993, 995).
- Knowledge about the differences and major features of UDP, TCP and ICMP.
- Knowledge of the major differences between IPv4 and IPv6.
- Knowledge of the basic features of IPv6.
در زیر خلاصهای از فایلها، اصطلاحات و ابزارهای مورد استفاده آمده است:
- /etc/services
- ftp
- telnet
- host
- ping
- dig
- traceroute
- tracepath
109.2 Basic network configuration
|
وزن |
4 |
|
توضیح |
Candidates should be able to view, change and verify configuration settings on client hosts. |
بخش موضوعات کلیدی:
- Manually and automatically configure network interfaces.
- Basic TCP/IP host configuration.
در زیر خلاصهای از فایلها، اصطلاحات و ابزارهای مورد استفاده آمده است:
- /etc/hostname
- /etc/hosts
- /etc/resolv.conf
- /etc/nsswitch.conf
- ifconfig
- ifup
- ifdown
- route
- ping
109.3 Basic network troubleshooting
|
وزن |
4 |
|
توضیح |
Candidates should be able to troubleshoot networking issues on client hosts. |
بخش موضوعات کلیدی:
- Manually and automatically configure network interfaces and routing tables to include adding, starting, stopping, restarting, deleting or reconfiguring network interfaces.
- Change, view, or configure the routing table and correct an improperly set default route manually.
- Debug problems associated with the network configuration.
در زیر خلاصهای از فایلها، اصطلاحات و ابزارهای مورد استفاده آمده است:
- ifconfig
- ifup
- ifdown
- route
- host
- hostname
- dig
- netstat
- ping
- traceroute
109.4 Configure client side DNS
|
وزن |
2 |
|
توضیح |
Candidates should be able to configure DNS on a client host. |
بخش موضوعات کلیدی:
- Demonstrate the use of DNS on the local system.
- Modify the order in which name resolution is done.
در زیر خلاصهای از فایلها، اصطلاحات و ابزارهای مورد استفاده آمده است:
- /etc/hosts
- /etc/resolv.conf
- /etc/nsswitch.conf
Topic 110: Security
110.1 Perform security administration tasks
|
وزن |
3 |
|
توضیح |
Candidates should know how to review system configuration to ensure host security in accordance with local security policies. |
بخش موضوعات کلیدی:
- Audit a system to find files with the suid/sgid bit set.
- Set or change user passwords and password aging information.
- Being able to use nmap and netstat to discover open ports on a system.
- Set up limits on user logins, processes and memory usage.
- Basic sudo configuration and usage.
در زیر خلاصهای از فایلها، اصطلاحات و ابزارهای مورد استفاده آمده است:
- find
- passwd
- lsof
- nmap
- chage
- netstat
- sudo
- /etc/sudoers
- su
- usermod
- ulimit
110.2 Setup host security
|
وزن |
3 |
|
توضیح |
Candidates should know how to set up a basic level of host security. |
بخش موضوعات کلیدی:
- Awareness of shadow passwords and how they work.
- Turn off network services not in use.
- Understand the role of TCP wrappers.
در زیر خلاصهای از فایلها، اصطلاحات و ابزارهای مورد استفاده آمده است:
- /etc/nologin
- /etc/passwd
- /etc/shadow
- /etc/xinetd.d/*
- /etc/xinetd.conf
- /etc/inetd.d/*
- /etc/inetd.conf
- /etc/inittab
- /etc/init.d/*
- /etc/hosts.allow
- /etc/hosts.deny
110.3 Securing data with encryption
|
وزن |
3 |
|
توضیح |
The candidate should be able to use public key techniques to secure data and communication. |
بخش موضوعات کلیدی:
- Perform basic OpenSSH 2 client configuration and usage.
- Understand the role of OpenSSH 2 server host keys.
- Perform basic GnuPG configuration, usage and revocation.
- Understand SSH port tunnels (including X11 tunnels).
در زیر خلاصهای از فایلها، اصطلاحات و ابزارهای مورد استفاده آمده است:
- ssh
- ssh-keygen
- ssh-agent
- ssh-add
- ~/.ssh/id_rsa and id_rsa.pub
- ~/.ssh/id_dsa and id_dsa.pub
- /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key and ssh_host_rsa_key.pub
- /etc/ssh/ssh_host_dsa_key and ssh_host_dsa_key.pub
- ~/.ssh/authorized_keys
- /etc/ssh_known_hosts
- gpg
- ~/.gnupg/*
Future Change Considerations
Future changes to the objective will/may include:
- update syslog to include (or be replaced by) rsyslog and/or syslog-ng
- add knowledge of GNU Screen (seems more usefull than nohup). Tmux is another option
- include monitoring commands: who, w, last, lastb, lastlog
- update 107.2 to include anacron
- include another monitoring command : watch
- LightDM as alternative to xdm (and others)
- logrotate et al