LPIC-1 Summary Version 4.0 To 5.0

Purpose

This document is meant to provide a higher level overview into what has changed with the objectives update for LPIC-1 exams.

The exams that are affect by this update are LPIC-1 (101 and 102) exams.

Changes in Exam 101

The following changes constitute the update of exam 101 from version 4.0 to version 5.0:

• 101: System Architecture
  • 101.1 Determine and configure hardware settings
    • Removed 'Configure systems with or without external peripherals such as keyboards.'
    • Removed 'Know the differences between coldplug and hotplug devices.'
  • 101.2 Boot the system
    • Added coverage of UEFI (equal to BIOS coverage) and journalctl (with respect to boot events)
  • 101.3 Change runlevels / boot targets and shutdown or reboot system
    • Added awareness of acpid
• 102: Linux Installation and Package Management
  • 102.1 Design hard disk layout
    • Added EFI System Partition (ESP)
  • 102.2 Install a boot manager
    • (no changes)
  • 102.3 Manage shared libraries
    • (no changes)
  • 102.4 Use Debian package management
    • Removed aptitude
    • Added awareness of apt.
  • 102.5 Use RPM and YUM package management
    • Removed yumdownloader
    • Added Zypper (equal to YUM)
    • Added awareness of dnf
  • 102.6 Linux as a virtualization guest
    • New objective (weight: 1)
    • Added specialties of running Linux in a virtual machines and containers on premise and in the cloud
• 103: GNU and Unix Commands
  • 103.1 Work on the command line
    • Added quoting
    • Added type and which
  • 103.2 Process text streams using filters
    • Decreased weight from 3 to 2
    • Removed expand, fmt, join, pr and unexpand
    • Added bzcat, md5sum, sha256sum, sha512sum, xzcat and zcat
  • 103.3 Perform basic file management
    • Added bunzip2 and unxz
  • 103.4 Use streams, pipes and redirects
    • (no changes)
  • 103.5 Create, monitor and kill processes
    • Added watch and tmux
  • 103.6 Modify process execution priorities
    • (no changes)
  • 103.7 Search text files using regular expressions
    • Increased weight from 2 to 3
    • Added understanding of the differences between basic and extended regular expressions
    • Added understanding of the concepts of special characters, character classes, quantifiers and anchors
    • Added use of regular expressions to delete, change and substitute text
  • 103.8 Basic file editing
    • Renamed from 'Perform basic file editing operations using vi' to ' Basic file editing'
    • Clarified wording of 'Understand and use vi modes.'
    • Removed vi commands c and :e!
    • Added awareness of other common editors (Emacs, nano and vim) and setting the default editor (EDITOR environment variable)
• 104: Devices, Linux Filesystems, Filesystem Hierarchy Standard
  • 104.1 Create partitions and filesystems
    • Removed awareness of ReiserFS
    • Added GPT partition tables
    • Added exFAT
    • Changed awareness of Btrfs to 'Basic feature knowledge of Btrfs, including multi-device filesystems, compression and subvolumes.'
  • 104.2 Maintain the integrity of filesystems
    • Removed debugfs and dumpe2fs
    • Changed 'XFS tools (such as xfs_metadump and xfs_info)' to coverage of xfs_repair, xfs_fsr and xfs_db
  • 104.3 Control mounting and unmounting of filesystems
    • Added use of labels and UUIDs for identifying and mounting file systems
    • Added awareness of systemd mount units
    • Added blkid and lsblk
  • 104.4 Manage disk quotas
    • Removed objective (former weight: 1)
  • 104.5 Manage file permissions and ownership
    • (no changes)
  • 104.6 Create and change hard and symbolic links
    • (no changes)
  • 104.7 Find system files and place files in the correct location
    • (no changes)

Changes in Exam 102

The following changes constitute the update of exam 102 from version 4.0 to version 5.0:

• 105: Shells and Shell Scripting
  • Renamed from 'Shells, Scripting and Data Management' to 'Shells and Shell Scripting'
  • 105.1 Customize and use the shell environment
    • Removed lists
  • 105.2 Customize or write simple scripts
    • Added execution of chained commands
    • Added && and ||
  • 105.3 SQL data management
    • Removed objective (former weight: 2)
• 106: User Interfaces and Desktops
  • 106.1 Install and configure X11
    • Removed verifying that the video card and monitor are supported by an X server
    • Removed awareness of the X font server
    • Removed xwininfo
    • Removed xpdyinfo
    • Added understanding of the X11 architecture
    • Added overwriting specific aspects of Xorg configuration, such as keyboard layout
    • Added understanding of the components of desktop environments, such as display managers and window managers
    • Added managing access to the X server and display applications on remote X servers
    • Added awareness of Wayland.
    • Added /etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/
    • Added ~/.xsession-errors
    • Added xauth
  • 106.2 Graphical Desktops
    • Removed old content (configuration of display managers / LightDM)
    • Changed to cover awareness of major desktop environments and protocols to access remote desktop sessions
    • Added KDE, Gnome, Xfce, X11, XDMCP, VNC, Spice and RDP
  • 106.3 Accessibility
    • Removed Basic knowledge of keyboard accessibility settings (AccessX)
    • Removed Orca, GOK and emacspeak
    • Added voice recognition
• 107: Administrative Tasks
  • 107.1 Manage user and group accounts and related system files
    • (no changes)
  • 107.2 Automate system administration tasks by scheduling jobs
    • Removed anacron
    • Added systemd timers
    • Added systemctl and systemd-run
  • 107.3 Localisation and internationalisation
    • (no changes)
• 108: Essential System Services
  • 108.1 Maintain system time
    • Added chrony (chronyc)
    • Added timedatectl
  • 108.2 System logging
    • Increased weight from 3 to 4
    • Removed klogd and syslogd (syslog.conf)
    • Changed syslog from main topic to awareness
    • Changed rsyslog from awareness to main topic, focus is basic configuration
    • Added accessing the systemd journal, including queries, filters, persistent storage, deletion of old events and recovering journal content from a system's copy.
    • Added understanding of interaction of rsyslog with systemd-journald
    • Added systemd-cat
  • 108.3 Mail Transfer Agent (MTA) basics
    • Removed qmail
  • 108.4 Manage printers and printing
    • (no changes)
• 109: Networking Fundamentals
  • 109.1 Fundamentals of internet protocols
    • (no changes)
  • 109.2 Persistent network configuration
    • Renamed from 'Basic network configuration' to 'Persistent network configuration'
    • Changed focus from viewing settings to manage the persistent network configuration
    • Removed ip, route, ping, ifconfig (still in 109.3)
    • Added configuration of ethernet and wi-fi network configuration using NetworkManager
    • Added awareness of systemd-networkd
    • Added /etc/resolv.conf, nmcli and hostnamectl
  • 109.3 Basic network troubleshooting
    • Changed to focus on manual interaction with network interfaces using iproute2
    • Changed coverage of net-tools commands to awareness
    • Removed dig and host (still in 109.4)
    • Removed ifup and ifdown (still in 109.2)
    • Added ss
  • 109.4 Configure client side DNS
    • Added debuging errors related to name resolution
    • Added awareness of systemd-resolved
• 110: Security
  • 110.1 Perform security administration tasks
    • (no changes)
  • 110.2 Setup host security
    • Added systemd.socket
    • Removed /etc/inetd.d/
    • Removed /etc/inetd.conf
  • 110.3 Securing data with encryption
    • Increased weight from 3 to 4
    • Added use of GPG to encrypt, decrypt, sign and verify files
    • Added gpg-agent
    • Added additional ciphers for SSH keys (~/.ssh/id_ecdsa, id_ecdsa.pub, ~/.ssh/id_ed25519, id_ed25519.pub, /etc/ssh/ssh_host_ecdsa_key, ssh_host_ecdsa_key.pub, /etc/ssh/ssh_host_ed25519_key and ssh_host_ed25519_key.pub)