LinuxEssentials Objectives V1: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 09:58, 3 May 2019

Introduction and Exam Development Workshops

The description of the entire Linux Essentials Program is listed here.

The purpose of the Linux Essentials Certificate is to define the basic knowledge required to competently use a desktop or mobile device using a Linux Operating System. The associated Linux Essentials Program will guide and encourage youth (and those new to Linux and Open Source) to understand the place of Linux and Open Source in the context of the broader IT industry.

FAQ

Questions and answers on the Linux Essentials Program and Exam are listed here.

Minimally Qualified Candidate Description

This is a description of a candidate that is just barely qualified to pass the LPI Linux Essentials exam. This hypothetical person is called the Minimally Qualified Candidate (MQC). Standards on the Linux Essentials exam should be set so that this person (and anyone more able) would pass but anyone less able would not pass.

The successful candidate should have an understanding of the Linux and Open Source industry and knowledge of the most popular Open Source Applications. The candidate should understand the major components of the Linux operating system, and have the technical proficiency to work on the Linux command line. The MQC has a basic understanding of security and administration related topics such as user/group management, working on the command line and permissions. The Linux Essentials Certificate holder is most likely the end user of a mostly managed system.

The LPI Linux Essentials Certificate Holder MQC typically:

Has a basic understanding of FOSS, the various communities and licenses.
Understands the basic concepts of processes, programs and the components of an Operating System.
Has a basic knowledge of computer hardware.
Has a basic appreciation of system security, users/groups and file permissions for public and private directories.
Basic understanding of how to make the system accessible and able to connect to other computers on a Local Area Network (LAN).
Demonstrates a knowledge of Open Source Applications in the Workplace as they relate to Closed Source equivalents.
Understands navigation systems on a Linux Desktop and where to go for help.
Has a rudimentary ability to work on the command line and with files.
Make and restore simple backups and archives.
Can use a basic command line editor.
Understands file compression.
Ability to create and run simple scripts.

Version Information

These objectives are version 1.0.1.

The draft version 1.5 objectives can be found here.

Addenda

Clarification Addendum (Apr 1st, 2014)

added Ubuntu (LTS), Red Hat to 1.1 partial file list.
added dpkg, rpm, apt-get, yum to 1.2 partial file list.
added /etc/hosts to 4.4 partial file list.
added /etc/skel to 5.2 partial file list.
added /dev/sd*, /dev/hd* to 4.2 partial file list.

Translations of Objectives

The following translations of the objectives are available on this wiki:

Objectives

Topic 1:The Linux Community and a Career in Open Source (weight: 7)

1.1 Linux Evolution and Popular Operating Systems

Weight	2
Description	Knowledge of Linux development and major distributions.

Key Knowledge Areas:

Open Source Philosophy.
Distributions.
Embedded Systems.

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

Android.
Debian, Ubuntu (LTS).
CentOS, Red Hat.

Nice to know:

1.2 Major Open Source Applications

Weight	2
Description	Awareness of major applications as well as their uses and development.

Key Knowledge Areas:

Desktop Applications.
Server Applications.
Mobile Applications.
Development Languages.
Package Management Tools and repositories.

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

OpenOffice.org, LibreOffice, Thunderbird, Firefox.
Blender, Gimp, Audacity, ImageMagick.
Apache, MySQL, PostgreSQL.
NFS, Samba, OpenLDAP, Postfix, DNS, DHCP.
C, Java, Perl, shell, Python, PHP.
dpkg, apt-get, rpm, yum.

Nice to know:

1.3 Understanding Open Source Software and Licensing

Weight	1
Description	Open communities and licensing Open Source Software for business.

Key Knowledge Areas:

Licensing.
Free Software Foundation (FSF), Open Source Initiative (OSI).

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

GPL, BSD, Creative Commons.
Free Software, Open Source Software, FOSS, FLOSS.
Open Source business models.

Nice to know:

Intellectual Property (IP): copyright, trademarks and patents.
Apache License, Mozilla License.

1.4 ICT Skills and Working in Linux

Weight	2
Description	Basic Information and Communication Technology (ICT) skills and working in Linux.

Key Knowledge Areas:

Desktop Skills.
Getting to the Command Line.
Industry uses of Linux, Cloud Computing and Virtualization.

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

Using a browser, privacy concerns, configuration options, searching the web and saving content.
Terminal and Console.
Password issues.
Privacy issues and tools.
Use of common open source applications in presentations and projects.

Nice to know:

Topic 2: Finding Your Way on a Linux System (weight: 8)

2.1 Command Line Basics

Weight	2
Description	Basics of using the Linux command line.

Key Knowledge Areas:

Basic shell.
Formatting commands.
Working With Options.
Variables.
Globbing.
Quoting.

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

Bash
echo
history
PATH env variable
export
which

Nice to know:

Substitutions.
||, && and ; control operators.

2.2 Using the Command Line to Get Help

Weight	2
Description	Running help commands and navigation of the various help systems.

Key Knowledge Areas:

Man.
Info.

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

man.
info.
Man pages.
/usr/share/doc.
locate.

Nice to know:

apropos, whatis, whereis.

2.3 Using Directories and Listing Files

Weight	2
Description	Navigation of home and system directories and listing files in various locations.

Key Knowledge Areas:

Files, directories
Hidden files and directories
Home
Absolute and relative paths

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

Common options for ls
Recursive listings
cd
. and ..
home and ~

Nice to know:

2.4 Creating, Moving and Deleting Files

Weight	2
Description	Create, move and delete files and directories under the home directory.

Key Knowledge Areas:

Files and directories
Case sensitivity
Simple globbing and quoting

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

mv, cp, rm, touch
mkdir, rmdir

Nice to know:

Topic 3: The Power of the Command Line (weight: 10)

3.1 Archiving Files on the Command Line

Weight	2
Description	Archiving files in the user home directory.

Key Knowledge Areas:

Files, directories.
Archives, compression.

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

tar.
Common tar options.
gzip, bzip2.
zip, unzip.

Nice to know:

Extracting individual files from archives.

3.2 Searching and Extracting Data from Files

Weight	4
Description	Search and extract data from files in the home directory.

Key Knowledge Areas:

Command line pipes.
I/O re-direction.
Partial POSIX Regular Expressions (., [ ], *, ?).

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

find.
grep.
less.
cat, head, tail.
sort.
cut.
wc.

Nice to know:

Partial POSIX Basic Regular Expressions ([^ ], ^, $).
Partial POSIX Extended Regular Expressions (+, ( ), |).
xargs.

3.3 Turning Commands into a Script

Weight	4
Description	Turning repetitive commands into simple scripts.

Key Knowledge Areas:

Basic text editing.
Basic shell scripting.

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

/bin/sh.
Variables.
Arguments.
for loops.
echo.
Exit status.
names of common text editors.

Nice to know:

use of pico, nano, vi (only basics for creating scripts).
Bash.
if, while, case statements.
read and test, and [ commands.

Topic 4: The Linux Operating System (weight: 8)

4.1 Choosing an Operating System

Weight	1
Description	Knowledge of major operating systems and Linux distributions.

Key Knowledge Areas:

Windows, Mac, Linux differences.
Distribution life cycle management.

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

GUI versus command line, desktop configuration.
Maintenance cycles, Beta and Stable.

Nice to know:

4.2 Understanding Computer Hardware

Weight	2
Description	Familiarity with the components that go into building desktop and server computers.

Key Knowledge Areas:

Hardware.

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

Motherboards, processors, power supplies, optical drives, peripherals.
Hard drives and partitions, /dev/sd*, /dev/hd*.
Display types.
Drivers.

Nice to know:

4.3 Where Data is Stored

Weight	3
Description	Where various types of information are stored on a Linux system.

Key Knowledge Areas:

Kernel.
Processes.
syslog, klog, dmesg.
/lib, /usr/lib, /etc, /var/log.

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

Programs, libraries, packages and package databases, system configuration.
Processes and process tables, memory addresses, system messaging and logging.
ps, top, free.

Nice to know:

4.4 Your Computer on the Network

Weight	2
Description	Querying vital networking settings and determining the basic requirements for a computer on a Local Area Network (LAN).

Key Knowledge Areas:

Internet, network, routers.
Domain Name Service.
Network configuration.

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

route.
/etc/resolv.conf, /etc/hosts.
IPv4, IPv6.
ifconfig.
netstat.
ping.

Nice to know:

ssh.
dig.

Topic 5: Security and File Permissions (weight: 7)

5.1 Basic Security and Identifying User Types

Weight	2
Description	Various types of users on a Linux system.

Key Knowledge Areas:

Root and Standard Users.
System users.

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

/etc/passwd, /etc/group.
id, who, w.
sudo.

Nice to know:

su.

5.2 Creating Users and Groups

Weight	2
Description	Creating users and groups on a Linux system.

Key Knowledge Areas:

User and group commands.
User IDs.

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

/etc/passwd, /etc/shadow, /etc/group, /etc/skel.
id, last.
useradd, groupadd.
passwd.

Nice to know:

usermod, userdel.
groupmod, groupdel.

5.3 Managing File Permissions and Ownership

Weight	2
Description	Understanding and manipulating file permissions and ownership settings.

Key Knowledge Areas:

File/directory permissions and owners.

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

ls -l.
chmod, chown.

Nice to know:

chgrp.

5.4 Special Directories and Files

Weight	1
Description	Special directories and files on a Linux system including special permissions.

Key Knowledge Areas:

System files, libraries.
Symbolic links.

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

/etc, /var.
/tmp, /var/tmp and Sticky Bit.
ls -d.
ln -s.

Nice to know:

Hard links.
Setuid/Setgid.

Reference Material

Notes and Comments

Feel free to add comments below:

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 __FORCETOC__
-==Introduction==
+==Introduction and Exam Development Workshops==
-The description of the entire [[LinuxEssentials]] programme is listed [[LinuxEssentials|here]].
-<br /><br />
+The description of the entire Linux Essentials Program is listed [[LinuxEssentialsProgramme|here]].
+The purpose of the Linux Essentials Certificate is to define the basic knowledge required to competently use a desktop or mobile device using a Linux Operating System.  The associated Linux Essentials Program will guide and encourage youth (and those new to Linux and Open Source) to understand the place of Linux and Open Source in the context of the broader IT industry.
+==FAQ==
+Questions and answers on the Linux Essentials Program and Exam are listed [[LinuxEssentials/FAQs|here]].
 ==Minimally Qualified Candidate Description==
 This is a description of a candidate that is just barely
-qualified to pass the LPI Introductory Linux exam.  This hypothetical
+qualified to pass the LPI Linux Essentials exam.  This hypothetical
 person is called the Minimally Qualified Candidate (MQC).  Standards on
-the Introductory Linux exam should be set so that this person (and
+the Linux Essentials exam should be set so that this person (and
 anyone more able) would pass but anyone less able would not pass.
-An LPI Linux and Open Source Technician should
+The successful candidate should have an understanding of the Linux and Open Source industry and knowledge of the most popular Open Source Applications.  The candidate should understand the major components of the Linux operating system, and have the technical proficiency to work on the Linux command line. The MQC has a basic understanding of security and administration related topics such
-have an understanding of the major components of the Linux operating
+as user/group management, working on the command line and permissions.   The Linux Essentials Certificate holder is most likely the end user of a mostly managed system.
-system, the technical proficiency to work on the Linux command line and
-a basic understanding of security and administration related topics such
-as user/group management, working on the command line and permissions.
-A LPI Linux ad Open Source Technician is most likely the end user of a mostly managed system.
-The LPI Linux and Open Source MQC typically:
+The '''LPI Linux Essentials Certificate Holder MQC''' typically:
-* Has a basic understanding of FOSS, the various communities and licenses
+* Has a basic understanding of FOSS, the various communities and licenses.
-* Understands the basic concepts of processes, programs and the components of an Operating System
+* Understands the basic concepts of processes, programs and the components of an Operating System.
+* Has a basic knowledge of computer hardware.
+* Has a basic appreciation of system security, users/groups and file permissions for public and private directories.
+* Basic understanding of how to make the system accessible and able to connect to other computers on a Local Area Network (LAN).
+* Demonstrates a knowledge of Open Source Applications in the Workplace as they relate to Closed Source equivalents.
+* Understands navigation systems on a Linux Desktop and where to go for help.
 * Has a rudimentary ability to work on the command line and with files.
+* Make and restore simple backups and archives.
 * Can use a basic command line editor.
-* Has enough network knowledge to get a system up on a LAN.
+* Understands file compression.
-* Has a basic appreciation of system security, users/groups and file permissions.
+* Ability to create and run simple scripts.
 ==Version Information==
-These objectives are version 0.5.0.
-<br />
+These objectives are version 1.0.1.
+The draft [[LinuxEssentials Objectives V1.5|version 1.5 objectives]] can be found [[LinuxEssentials Objectives V1.5|here]].
+==Addenda==
+===''Clarification Addendum (Apr 1st, 2014)''===
+* added Ubuntu (LTS), Red Hat to 1.1 partial file list.
+* added dpkg, rpm, apt-get, yum to 1.2 partial file list.
+* added /etc/hosts to 4.4 partial file list.
+* added /etc/skel to 5.2 partial file list.
+* added /dev/sd*, /dev/hd* to 4.2 partial file list.
 ==Translations of Objectives==
 The following translations of the objectives are available on this wiki:
-* [[LinuxBasics|English]]
-* [[LinuxBasics(DE)|German]]
-* [[LinuxBasics(ES)|Spanish]]
-* [[LinuxBasics(TR)|Turkish]]
-<br />
-==Lernziele==
+* [[LinuxEssentials|English]].
+* [[LinuxEssentials(AR)|Arabic]].
+* [[LinuxEssentials(FR)|French]].
+* [[LinuxEssentials(DE)|German]].
+* [[LinuxEssentials(EL)|Greek]].
+* [[LinuxEssentials(ES)|Spanish]].
+* [[LinuxEssentials(TR)|Turkish]].
+* [[LinuxEssentials(IT)|Italian]].
+* [[LinuxEssentials(NL)|Dutch]].
+==Objectives==
+===''Topic 1:The Linux Community and a Career in Open Source (weight: 7)''===
+====<span style="color:navy">1.1 Linux Evolution and Popular Operating Systems</span>====
-===''Thema 1.1: Berufswahl Open Source und Eintritt in die Linux Community (Gewichtung: 7)''===
-====<span style="color:navy">1.1.1 Linux Entwicklung und gängige Betriebssysteme</span>====
 {|
-| style="background:#dadada" | '''Gewichtung'''
+| style="background:#dadada" |
+'''Weight'''
 | style="background:#eaeaea" | 2
 |-
-| style="background:#dadada; padding-right:1em" | '''Beschreibung'''
+| style="background:#dadada; padding-right:1em" |
-| style="background:#eaeaea" | Kenntnisse über Linux Entwicklung und wichtige Distributionen.
+'''Description'''
+| style="background:#eaeaea" |
+Knowledge of Linux development and major distributions.
 |}
-'''Hauptwissensgebiete:'''
-* Open Source Philosophie
-* Distributionen
-* Embedded Systems
-'''Hier ist eine auszugsweise Liste der verwendeten Dateien, Begriffe und Hilfsprogramme:'''
-* Android
-* Debian
-* CentOS
-<br />
-====<span style="color:navy">1.1.2 Wichtige Open Source Anwendungen</span>====
+'''Key Knowledge Areas:'''
+* Open Source Philosophy.
+* Distributions.
+* Embedded Systems.
+'''The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:'''
+* Android.
+* Debian, Ubuntu (LTS).
+* CentOS, Red Hat.
+'''Nice to know:'''
+====<span style="color:navy">1.2 Major Open Source Applications</span>====
 {|
-| style="background:#dadada" | '''Gewichtung'''
+| style="background:#dadada" |
+'''Weight'''
 | style="background:#eaeaea" | 2
 |-
-| style="background:#dadada; padding-right:1em" | '''Beschreibung'''
+| style="background:#dadada; padding-right:1em" |
-| style="background:#eaeaea" | Wichtige Anwendungen und deren Nutzung.
+'''Description'''
+| style="background:#eaeaea" |
+Awareness of major applications as well as their uses and development.
 |}
-'''Hauptwissensgebiete:'''
-* Desktop Anwendungen
-* Server Anwendungen
-* Mobile Anwendungen
-* Entwicklungssprachen
-* Werkzeuge für die Paketverwaltung
-'''Hier ist eine auszugsweise Liste der verwendeten Dateien, Begriffe und Hilfsprogramme:'''
-* OpenOffice.org, LibreOffice, Thunderbird, Firefox
-* Blender, Gimp, Audacity
-* Apache, MySQL, PostgreSQL
-* NFS, Samba, OpenLDAP, Postfix, DNS, DHCP
-* C, Perl, shell, Python, PHP
-<br />
-====<span style="color:navy">1.1.3 "Freeware" verstehen und Lizenzen</span>====
+'''Key Knowledge Areas:'''
+* Desktop Applications.
+* Server Applications.
+* Mobile Applications.
+* Development Languages.
+* Package Management Tools and repositories.
+'''The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:'''
+* OpenOffice.org, LibreOffice, Thunderbird, Firefox.
+* Blender, Gimp, Audacity, ImageMagick.
+* Apache, MySQL, PostgreSQL.
+* NFS, Samba, OpenLDAP, Postfix, DNS, DHCP.
+* C, Java, Perl, shell, Python, PHP.
+* dpkg, apt-get, rpm, yum.
+'''Nice to know:'''
+====<span style="color:navy">1.3 Understanding Open Source Software and Licensing</span>====
 {|
-| style="background:#dadada" | '''Gewichtung'''
+| style="background:#dadada" |
+'''Weight'''
 | style="background:#eaeaea" | 1
 |-
-| style="background:#dadada; padding-right:1em" | '''Beschreibung'''
+| style="background:#dadada; padding-right:1em" |
-| style="background:#eaeaea" | Open Source Communities und Lizenzen von freier und kommerzieller Open Source Software.
+'''Description'''
+| style="background:#eaeaea" |
+Open communities and licensing Open Source Software for business.
 |}
-'''Hauptwissensgebiete:'''
-* Lizenzen
-'''Hier ist eine auszugsweise Liste der verwendeten Dateien, Begriffe und Hilfsprogramme:'''
-* GPL, BSD, Creative Commons
-* Free Software, Open Software, FOSS, FLOSS
-* Open Source business models
-<br />
-====<span style="color:navy">1.1.4 IKT-Kenntnisse und Arbeiten mit Linux</span>====
+'''Key Knowledge Areas:'''
+* Licensing.
+* Free Software Foundation (FSF), Open Source Initiative (OSI).
+'''The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:'''
+* GPL, BSD, Creative Commons.
+* Free Software, Open Source Software, FOSS, FLOSS.
+* Open Source business models.
+'''Nice to know:'''
+* Intellectual Property (IP): copyright, trademarks and patents.
+* Apache License, Mozilla License.
+====<span style="color:navy">1.4 ICT Skills and Working in Linux</span>====
 {|
-| style="background:#dadada" | '''Gewichtung'''
+| style="background:#dadada" |
+'''Weight'''
 | style="background:#eaeaea" | 2
 |-
-| style="background:#dadada; padding-right:1em" | '''Beschreibung'''
+| style="background:#dadada; padding-right:1em" |
-| style="background:#eaeaea" | Grundkenntnisse der Informations- und Kommunikationstechnologie (IKT) und Arbeiten mit Linux.
+'''Description'''
+| style="background:#eaeaea" |
+Basic Information and Communication Technology (ICT) skills and working in Linux.
 |}
-'''Hauptwissensgebiete:'''
-* Desktop Kenntnisse
-* Open Source Desktop Anwndungen
-'''Hier ist eine auszugsweise Liste der verwendeten Dateien, Begriffe und Hilfsprogramme:'''
-* Nutzung eines Browsers, Sicherheitsbedenken, Einstellungsoptionen, Websuche, und Speichern von Inhalten
-* Gewerbliche Nutzung von Linux, Cloud Computing und Virtualisierung
-* Passworteinstellungen
-* Privatsphäreeinstellungen und Werkzeuge
-* Graphik- und Office-Werkzeuge
-* Nutzung gängiger Open Source Anwendungen in Präsentationen und Projekten
-<br/>
-<br/>
-===''Thema 1.2: Das Linux Betriebssystem (BS) und Programme (Gewichtung: 10)''===
+'''Key Knowledge Areas:'''
-====<span style="color:navy">1.2.1 Hilfsbefehle und “Man Pages” nutzen</span>====
+* Desktop Skills.
+* Getting to the Command Line.
+* Industry uses of Linux, Cloud Computing and Virtualization.
+'''The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:'''
+* Using a browser, privacy concerns, configuration options, searching the web and saving content.
+* Terminal and Console.
+* Password issues.
+* Privacy issues and tools.
+* Use of common open source applications in presentations and projects.
+'''Nice to know:'''
+===''Topic 2: Finding Your Way on a Linux System (weight: 8)''===
+====<span style="color:navy">2.1 Command Line Basics</span>====
 {|
-| style="background:#dadada" | '''Gewichtung'''
+| style="background:#dadada" |
+'''Weight'''
 | style="background:#eaeaea" | 2
 |-
-| style="background:#dadada; padding-right:1em" | '''Beschreibung'''
+| style="background:#dadada; padding-right:1em" |
-| style="background:#eaeaea" |Navigieren durch verschiedene Hilfssysteme.
+'''Description'''
+| style="background:#eaeaea" |
+Basics of using the Linux command line.
 |}
-'''Hauptwissensgebiete:'''
-* Man
-* Info
-'''Hier ist eine auszugsweise Liste der verwendeten Dateien, Begriffe und Hilfsprogramme:'''
-* man
-* info
-* man pages
-* whatis
-* /usr/share/doc
-* locate
-<br />
-====<span style="color:navy">1.2.2 Wahl eines Betriebssystems</span>====
+'''Key Knowledge Areas:'''
+* Basic shell.
+* Formatting commands.
+* Working With Options.
+* Variables.
+* Globbing.
+* Quoting.
+'''The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:'''
+* Bash
+* echo
+* history
+* PATH env variable
+* export
+* which
+'''Nice to know:'''
+* Substitutions.
+* ||, && and ; control operators.
+====<span style="color:navy">2.2 Using the Command Line to Get Help </span>====
 {|
-| style="background:#dadada" | '''Gewichtung'''
+| style="background:#dadada" |
-| style="background:#eaeaea" | 1
-|-
+'''Weight'''
-| style="background:#dadada; padding-right:1em" | '''Beschreibung'''
-| style="background:#eaeaea" | Kenntnisse über wichtige Betriebssysteme und Linux Distributionen.
-|}
-'''Hauptwissensgebiete:'''
-* Unterschiede zwischen Windows, Mac, Linux
-* Lebenszyklusmanagement von Distributionen
-'''Hier ist eine auszugsweise Liste der verwendeten Dateien, Begriffe und Hilfsprogramme:'''
-* GUI versus Kommandozeile, Desktop Konfiguration
-* Wartungszyklen, Beta und Stabil
-<br />
-====<span style="color:navy">1.2.3 Computer Hardware verstehen</span>====
-{|
-| style="background:#dadada" | '''Gewichtung'''
 | style="background:#eaeaea" | 2
 |-
-| style="background:#dadada; padding-right:1em" | '''Beschreibung'''
+| style="background:#dadada; padding-right:1em" |
-| style="background:#eaeaea" |Vertrautheit mit den Komponenten für den Bau von Desktop und Server Computern.
+'''Description'''
+| style="background:#eaeaea" |
+Running help commands and navigation of the various help systems.
 |}
-'''Hauptwissensgebiete:'''
-* Hardware
-'''Hier ist eine auszugsweise Liste der verwendeten Dateien, Begriffe und Hilfsprogramme:'''
-* Festplatten und Partitionen, Motherboards, Prozessoren, Netzteile, Optische Laufwerke, Periperiegeräte
-* Bildschire
-* Treiber
-<br />
-====<span style="color:navy">1.2.4 Datenspeicherung</span>====
+'''Key Knowledge Areas:'''
+* Man.
+* Info.
+'''The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:'''
+* man.
+* info.
+* Man pages.
+* /usr/share/doc.
+* locate.
+'''Nice to know:'''
+* apropos, whatis, whereis.
+====<span style="color:navy">2.3 Using Directories and Listing Files</span>====
 {|
-| style="background:#dadada" | '''Gewichtung'''
+| style="background:#dadada" |
-| style="background:#eaeaea" | 3
-|-
+'''Weight'''
-| style="background:#dadada; padding-right:1em" | '''Beschreibung'''
-| style="background:#eaeaea" | Wo verschiedene Arten von Informationen in einen Linuxsystem gespeichert werden.
-|}
-'''Hauptwissensgebiete:'''
-* Kernel
-* Prozess
-* syslog, klog, dmesg
-* /lib, /usr/lib, /etc
-'''Hier ist eine auszugsweise Liste der verwendeten Dateien, Begriffe und Hilfsprogramme:'''
-* Programme, Bibliotheken, Pakete und Paketdatenbank, Systemeinstellungen
-* Prozess und Prozesstabelle, Speicheradressen, Systembenachrichtigungund Protokollierung
-<br />
-====<span style="color:navy">1.2.5 Computer im Netzwerk anbinden</span>====
-{|
-| style="background:#dadada" | '''Gewichtung'''
 | style="background:#eaeaea" | 2
 |-
-| style="background:#dadada; padding-right:1em" | '''Beschreibung'''
+| style="background:#dadada; padding-right:1em" |
-| style="background:#eaeaea" |Einen Computer zu einem Local Area Network (LAN) hinzufügen.
+'''Description'''
+| style="background:#eaeaea" |
+Navigation of home and system directories and listing files in various locations.
 |}
-'''Hauptwissensgebiete:'''
-* Internet, Netzwerk, Router
-* Domain Name Service
-* Netzwerkeinstellungen
-'''Hier ist eine auszugsweise Liste der verwendeten Dateien, Begriffe und Hilfsprogramme:'''
-* route
-* resolv.conf
-* IPv4, IPv6
-* ifconfig
-* netstat
-* ping
-<br/>
-<br/>
-===''Thema 1.3: Die Macht der Kommandozeile (Gewichtung: 10)''===
+'''Key Knowledge Areas:'''
-====<span style="color:navy">1.3.1 Using Directories and Listing Files</span>====
-{|
+* Files, directories
-| style="background:#dadada" | '''Gewichtung'''
+* Hidden files and directories
-| style="background:#eaeaea" | 2
-|-
-| style="background:#dadada; padding-right:1em" | '''Beschreibung'''
-| style="background:#eaeaea" | Navigieren in Home- und System-Verzeichnissen und Protokolldateien an verschiedenen Orten.
-|}
-'''Hauptwissensgebiete:'''
-* Dateien, Verzeichnisse
-* Versteckte Dateien und Verzeichnisse
 * Home
-'''Hier ist eine auszugsweise Liste der verwendeten Dateien, Begriffe und Hilfsprogramme:'''
+* Absolute and relative paths
-* ls, recursive listings, less
-* common options for ls
+'''The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:'''
-* cd
-<br />
+* Common options for ls
+* Recursive listings
+* cd
+* '''.''' and '''..'''
+* home and ~
+'''Nice to know:'''
+====<span style="color:navy">2.4 Creating, Moving and Deleting Files</span>====
-====<span style="color:navy">1.3.2 Erstellen, verschieben und löschen von Dateien</span>====
 {|
-| style="background:#dadada" | '''Gewichtung'''
+| style="background:#dadada" |
+'''Weight'''
 | style="background:#eaeaea" | 2
 |-
-| style="background:#dadada; padding-right:1em" | '''Beschreibung'''
+| style="background:#dadada; padding-right:1em" |
-| style="background:#eaeaea" | Erstellen, verschieben und löschen von Dateien und verzeichnissen im Home-Verzeichnis.
+'''Description'''
+| style="background:#eaeaea" |
+Create, move and delete files and directories under the home directory.
 |}
-'''Hauptwissensgebiete:'''
-* Dateien, Verzeichnisse
+'''Key Knowledge Areas:'''
-* Beachtung der Groß- und Kleinschreibung
-'''Hier ist eine auszugsweise Liste der verwendeten Dateien, Begriffe und Hilfsprogramme:'''
+* Files and directories
+* Case sensitivity
+* Simple globbing and quoting
+'''The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:'''
 * mv, cp, rm, touch
 * mkdir, rmdir
-<br />
-====<span style="color:navy">1.3.3 Archivierung von Dateien mit der Kommandozeile</span>====
+'''Nice to know:'''
+===''Topic 3: The Power of the Command Line (weight: 10)''===
+====<span style="color:navy">3.1 Archiving Files on the Command Line</span>====
 {|
-| style="background:#dadada" | '''Gewichtung'''
+| style="background:#dadada" |
-| style="background:#eaeaea" | 1
+'''Weight'''
+| style="background:#eaeaea" | 2
 |-
-| style="background:#dadada; padding-right:1em" | '''Beschreibung'''
+| style="background:#dadada; padding-right:1em" |
-| style="background:#eaeaea" | Archivierung von Dateien in deren Home-Verzeichnissen.
+'''Description'''
+| style="background:#eaeaea" |
+Archiving files in the user home directory.
 |}
-'''Hauptwissensgebiete:'''
-* Dateien, Verzeichnisse
-* Archive, Komprimieren
-'''Hier ist eine auszugsweise Liste der verwendeten Dateien, Begriffe und Hilfsprogramme:'''
-* tar, cpio
-* gzip, bzip2
-<br />
-====<span style="color:navy">1.3.4 Suche und Entnahme von Daten aus Dateien</span>====
+'''Key Knowledge Areas:'''
+* Files, directories.
+* Archives, compression.
+'''The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:'''
+* tar.
+* Common tar options.
+* gzip, bzip2.
+* zip, unzip.
+'''Nice to know:'''
+* Extracting individual files from archives.
+====<span style="color:navy">3.2 Searching and Extracting Data from Files</span>====
 {|
-| style="background:#dadada" | '''Gewichtung'''
+| style="background:#dadada" |
-| style="background:#eaeaea" | 3
+'''Weight'''
+| style="background:#eaeaea" | 4
 |-
-| style="background:#dadada; padding-right:1em" | '''Beschreibung'''
+| style="background:#dadada; padding-right:1em" |
-| style="background:#eaeaea" | Suche und Entnahme von Daten aus Dateien in den Home-Verzeichnissen.
+'''Description'''
+| style="background:#eaeaea" |
+Search and extract data from files in the home directory.
 |}
-'''Hauptwissensgebiete:'''
-* grundlegende reguläre Ausdrücke für weitgehend POSIX-konforme Betriebssysteme (., [ ], [^ ], ^, $, *)
-* erweiterte reguläre Ausdrücke für weitgehend POSIX-konforme Betriebssysteme (?, +, ( ), |)
-* Kommando-Pipelines und Eingabe-/Ausgabe-Umleitung
-'''Hier ist eine auszugsweise Liste der verwendeten Dateien, Begriffe und Hilfsprogramme:'''
-* find
-* grep
-* less
-* xargs
-* sort
-* cut
-* wc
-<br />
-====<span style="color:navy">1.3.5 Befehle in ein Skript umwandeln</span>====
+'''Key Knowledge Areas:'''
+* Command line pipes.
+* I/O re-direction.
+* Partial POSIX Regular Expressions (., [ ], *, ?).
+'''The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:'''
+* find.
+* grep.
+* less.
+* cat, head, tail.
+* sort.
+* cut.
+* wc.
+'''Nice to know:'''
+* Partial POSIX Basic Regular Expressions ([^ ], ^, $).
+* Partial POSIX Extended Regular Expressions (+, ( ), |).
+* xargs.
+====<span style="color:navy">3.3 Turning Commands into a Script</span>====
 {|
-| style="background:#dadada" | '''Gewichtung'''
+| style="background:#dadada" |
-| style="background:#eaeaea" | 2
+'''Weight'''
+| style="background:#eaeaea" | 4
 |-
-| style="background:#dadada; padding-right:1em" | '''Beschreibung'''
+| style="background:#dadada; padding-right:1em" |
-| style="background:#eaeaea" | Wiederkehrende Befehle in ein einfaches Skript umwandeln.
+'''Description'''
+| style="background:#eaeaea" |
+Turning repetitive commands into simple scripts.
 |}
-'''Hauptwissensgebiete:'''
-* Bash Shell
-'''Hier ist eine auszugsweise Liste der verwendeten Dateien, Begriffe und Hilfsprogramme:'''
-* /bin/bash
-* arguments
-* for loops
-* echo
-<br/>
-<br/>
-===''Thema 1.4: Keep it Simple: Die Textdatei (Gewichtung: 6)''===
+'''Key Knowledge Areas:'''
-====<span style="color:navy">1.4.1 Starten eines Texteditors wie pico oder nano</span>====
+* Basic text editing.
+* Basic shell scripting.
+'''The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:'''
+* /bin/sh.
+* Variables.
+* Arguments.
+* for loops.
+* echo.
+* Exit status.
+* names of common text editors.
+'''Nice to know:'''
+* use of pico, nano, vi (only basics for creating scripts).
+* Bash.
+* if, while, case statements.
+* read and test, and [ commands.
+===''Topic 4: The Linux Operating System (weight: 8)''===
+====<span style="color:navy">4.1 Choosing an Operating System</span>====
 {|
-| style="background:#dadada" | '''Gewichtung'''
+| style="background:#dadada" |
+'''Weight'''
 | style="background:#eaeaea" | 1
 |-
-| style="background:#dadada; padding-right:1em" | '''Beschreibung'''
+| style="background:#dadada; padding-right:1em" |
-| style="background:#eaeaea" | Starten eines einfachen Kommandozeileneditors.
+'''Description'''
+| style="background:#eaeaea" |
+Knowledge of major operating systems and Linux distributions.
 |}
-'''Hauptwissensgebiete:'''
-* Textverarbeitung auf der Kommandozeile
-'''Hier ist eine auszugsweise Liste der verwendeten Dateien, Begriffe und Hilfsprogramme:'''
-* pico, nano
-<br />
-====<span style="color:navy">1.4.2 Textdateien editieren</span>====
+'''Key Knowledge Areas:'''
+* Windows, Mac, Linux differences.
+* Distribution life cycle management.
+'''The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:'''
+* GUI versus command line, desktop configuration.
+* Maintenance cycles, Beta and Stable.
+'''Nice to know:'''
+====<span style="color:navy">4.2 Understanding Computer Hardware</span>====
 {|
-| style="background:#dadada" | '''Gewichtung'''
+| style="background:#dadada" |
+'''Weight'''
 | style="background:#eaeaea" | 2
 |-
-| style="background:#dadada; padding-right:1em" | '''Beschreibung'''
+| style="background:#dadada; padding-right:1em" |
-| style="background:#eaeaea" | Einfache Änderungen in Texdateien vornehmen.
+'''Description'''
+| style="background:#eaeaea" |
+Familiarity with the components that go into building desktop and server computers.
 |}
-'''Hauptwissensgebiete:'''
-* Textverarbeitung auf der Kommandozeile
-'''Hier ist eine auszugsweise Liste der verwendeten Dateien, Begriffe und Hilfsprogramme:'''
-* pico, nano Editierfunktionen
-<br />
-====<span style="color:navy">1.4.3 Suchen und ersetzen von Text</span>====
+'''Key Knowledge Areas:'''
+* Hardware.
+'''The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:'''
+* Motherboards, processors, power supplies, optical drives, peripherals.
+* Hard drives and partitions, /dev/sd*, /dev/hd*.
+* Display types.
+* Drivers.
+'''Nice to know:'''
+====<span style="color:navy">4.3 Where Data is Stored</span>====
 {|
-| style="background:#dadada" | '''Gewichtung'''
+| style="background:#dadada" |
-| style="background:#eaeaea" | 1
+'''Weight'''
+| style="background:#eaeaea" | 3
 |-
-| style="background:#dadada; padding-right:1em" | '''Beschreibung'''
+| style="background:#dadada; padding-right:1em" |
-| style="background:#eaeaea" | Einfachen Text in Dateien suchen und ersetzen.
+'''Description'''
+| style="background:#eaeaea" |
+Where various types of information are stored on a Linux system.
 |}
-'''Hauptwissensgebiete:'''
-* Textverarbeitung auf der Kommandozeile
-'''Hier ist eine auszugsweise Liste der verwendeten Dateien, Begriffe und Hilfsprogramme:'''
-* pico, nano Funktionen für suchen und ersetzen
-<br />
-====<span style="color:navy">1.4.4 Undo-Funktionen </span>====
+'''Key Knowledge Areas:'''
+* Kernel.
+* Processes.
+* syslog, klog, dmesg.
+* /lib, /usr/lib, /etc, /var/log.
+'''The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:'''
+* Programs, libraries, packages and package databases, system configuration.
+* Processes and process tables, memory addresses, system messaging and logging.
+* ps, top, free.
+'''Nice to know:'''
+====<span style="color:navy">4.4 Your Computer on the Network</span>====
 {|
-| style="background:#dadada" | '''Gewichtung'''
+| style="background:#dadada" |
-| style="background:#eaeaea" | 1
+'''Weight'''
+| style="background:#eaeaea" | 2
 |-
-| style="background:#dadada; padding-right:1em" | '''Beschreibung'''
+| style="background:#dadada; padding-right:1em" |
-| style="background:#eaeaea" | Änderungen in Textdaeien rückgangig machen.
+'''Description'''
+| style="background:#eaeaea" |
+Querying vital networking settings and determining the basic requirements for a computer on a Local Area Network (LAN).
 |}
-'''Hauptwissensgebiete:'''
-* Textverarbeitung auf der Kommandozeile
-'''Hier ist eine auszugsweise Liste der verwendeten Dateien, Begriffe und Hilfsprogramme:'''
-* pico, nano Undo-Funktionen
-<br />
-====<span style="color:navy">1.4.5 Änderungen speichern</span>====
+'''Key Knowledge Areas:'''
+* Internet, network, routers.
+* Domain Name Service.
+* Network configuration.
+'''The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:'''
+* route.
+* /etc/resolv.conf, /etc/hosts.
+* IPv4, IPv6.
+* ifconfig.
+* netstat.
+* ping.
+'''Nice to know:'''
+* ssh.
+* dig.
+===''Topic 5: Security and File Permissions (weight: 7)''===
+====<span style="color:navy">5.1 Basic Security and Identifying User Types</span>====
 {|
-| style="background:#dadada" | '''Gewichtung'''
+| style="background:#dadada" |
-| style="background:#eaeaea" | 1
-|-
+'''Weight'''
-| style="background:#dadada; padding-right:1em" | '''Beschreibung'''
-| style="background:#eaeaea" | Änderungen in einer Textdatei, die mit einem Editor gemacht wurden, speichern.
-|}
-'''Hauptwissensgebiete:'''
-* Textverarbeitung auf der Kommandozeile
-'''Hier ist eine auszugsweise Liste der verwendeten Dateien, Begriffe und Hilfsprogramme:'''
-* pico, nano Speicherungsfunktionen
-<br />
-<br/>
-===''Thema 1.5: Sicherheit und Zugriffsrechte (Gewichtung: 7)''===
-====<span style="color:navy">1.5.1 Grundlegende Sicherheit und Identifizieren von Benutzertypen</span>====
-{|
-| style="background:#dadada" | '''Gewichtung'''
 | style="background:#eaeaea" | 2
 |-
-| style="background:#dadada; padding-right:1em" | '''Beschreibung'''
+| style="background:#dadada; padding-right:1em" |
-| style="background:#eaeaea" | Verschiedene Benutzertypen in einem Linux System.
+'''Description'''
+| style="background:#eaeaea" |
+Various types of users on a Linux system.
 |}
-'''Hauptwissensgebiete:'''
-* Root und unprivilegierte Nutzer
-* Systemnutzer
-'''Hier ist eine auszugsweise Liste der verwendeten Dateien, Begriffe und Hilfsprogramme:'''
-* /etc/passwd
-* id, who
-* sudo
-<br />
-====<span style="color:navy">1.5.2 Erstellen von Benutzern und Gruppen</span>====
+'''Key Knowledge Areas:'''
+* Root and Standard Users.
+* System users.
+'''The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:'''
+* /etc/passwd, /etc/group.
+* id, who, w.
+* sudo.
+'''Nice to know:'''
+* su.
+====<span style="color:navy">5.2 Creating Users and Groups</span>====
 {|
-| style="background:#dadada" | '''Gewichtung'''
+| style="background:#dadada" |
+'''Weight'''
 | style="background:#eaeaea" | 2
 |-
-| style="background:#dadada; padding-right:1em" | '''Beschreibung'''
+| style="background:#dadada; padding-right:1em" |
-| style="background:#eaeaea" | Benutzer und Gruppen in einem Linuxsystem erstellen.
+'''Description'''
+| style="background:#eaeaea" |
+Creating users and groups on a Linux system.
 |}
-'''Hauptwissensgebiete:'''
-* Benutzer und Gruppen Befehle
-* Benutzer-IDs
-'''Hier ist eine auszugsweise Liste der verwendeten Dateien, Begriffe und Hilfsprogramme:'''
-* /etc/passwd
-* id, lastlog
-* useradd
-<br />
-====<span style="color:navy">1.5.3 Einstellungen für Zugriffsrechte auf Dateinen und Dateieigentum</span>====
+'''Key Knowledge Areas:'''
+* User and group commands.
+* User IDs.
+'''The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:'''
+* /etc/passwd, /etc/shadow, /etc/group, /etc/skel.
+* id, last.
+* useradd, groupadd.
+* passwd.
+'''Nice to know:'''
+* usermod, userdel.
+* groupmod, groupdel.
+====<span style="color:navy">5.3 Managing File Permissions and Ownership</span>====
 {|
-| style="background:#dadada" | '''Gewichtung'''
+| style="background:#dadada" |
+'''Weight'''
 | style="background:#eaeaea" | 2
 |-
-| style="background:#dadada; padding-right:1em" | '''Beschreibung'''
+| style="background:#dadada; padding-right:1em" |
-| style="background:#eaeaea" | Zugriffsrechte auf Dateien setzen und verstehen und Eigentumseinstellungen.
+'''Description'''
+| style="background:#eaeaea" |
+Understanding and manipulating file permissions and ownership settings.
 |}
-'''Hauptwissensgebiete:'''
-* Datei-/Verzeichnis-Rechte und Dateieigentümer
-'''Hier ist eine auszugsweise Liste der verwendeten Dateien, Begriffe und Hilfsprogramme:'''
-* ls -l
-* chmod, chown, chgrp
-<br />
-====<span style="color:navy">1.5.4 Besondere Verzeichnisse und Dateien</span>====
+'''Key Knowledge Areas:'''
+* File/directory permissions and owners.
+'''The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:'''
+* ls -l.
+* chmod, chown.
+'''Nice to know:'''
+* chgrp.
+====<span style="color:navy">5.4 Special Directories and Files</span>====
 {|
-| style="background:#dadada" | '''Gewichtung'''
+| style="background:#dadada" |
+'''Weight'''
 | style="background:#eaeaea" | 1
 |-
-| style="background:#dadada; padding-right:1em" | '''Beschreibung'''
+| style="background:#dadada; padding-right:1em" |
-| style="background:#eaeaea" | Besondere Verzeichnisse und Dateien in einem Linuxsystem mit besonderen Rechten.
+'''Description'''
+| style="background:#eaeaea" |
+Special directories and files on a Linux system including special permissions.
 |}
-'''Hauptwissensgebiete:'''
-* versteckte Dateien, System-Dateien, Bibliotheken, Ablagen
+'''Key Knowledge Areas:'''
-* /tmp, /var/tmp und besondere Zugriffsrechte
-* File hierarchy
+* System files, libraries.
-'''Hier ist eine auszugsweise Liste der verwendeten Dateien, Begriffe und Hilfsprogramme:'''
+* Symbolic links.
-* /etc, /var, /usr
-* ls -a, ls -d
+'''The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:'''
-<br />
+* /etc, /var.
+* /tmp, /var/tmp and Sticky Bit.
+* ls -d.
+* ln -s.
+'''Nice to know:'''
+* Hard links.
+* Setuid/Setgid.
 ===''Reference Material''===
@@ Line 447: / Line 770: @@
 ===Notes and Comments===
-Feel free to add comments here:
+Feel free to add comments below:
-# privacy topic? (update: added to 1.1.4)

LinuxEssentials Objectives V1: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 09:58, 3 May 2019

Introduction and Exam Development Workshops

FAQ

Minimally Qualified Candidate Description

Version Information

Addenda

Clarification Addendum (Apr 1st, 2014)

Translations of Objectives

Objectives

Topic 1:The Linux Community and a Career in Open Source (weight: 7)

1.1 Linux Evolution and Popular Operating Systems

1.2 Major Open Source Applications

1.3 Understanding Open Source Software and Licensing

1.4 ICT Skills and Working in Linux

Topic 2: Finding Your Way on a Linux System (weight: 8)

2.1 Command Line Basics

2.2 Using the Command Line to Get Help

2.3 Using Directories and Listing Files

2.4 Creating, Moving and Deleting Files

Topic 3: The Power of the Command Line (weight: 10)

3.1 Archiving Files on the Command Line

3.2 Searching and Extracting Data from Files

3.3 Turning Commands into a Script

Topic 4: The Linux Operating System (weight: 8)

4.1 Choosing an Operating System

4.2 Understanding Computer Hardware

4.3 Where Data is Stored

4.4 Your Computer on the Network

Topic 5: Security and File Permissions (weight: 7)

5.1 Basic Security and Identifying User Types

5.2 Creating Users and Groups

5.3 Managing File Permissions and Ownership

5.4 Special Directories and Files

Reference Material

Notes and Comments

Navigation menu

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