LinuxEssentials(IT)
Workshop di introduzione e sviluppo agli esami
La descrizione completa del programma è qui.
Lo scopo del Certificato Linux Essentials è definire le conoscenze base richieste per usare un dispositivo portatile o desktop che abbia Linux come sistema operativo. Il Programma Linux Essentials guida ed incoraggia giovano (ed i neofiti a Linux e all'Open Source) a capire Linux e l'Open Source nel contesto del settore IT.
FAQs
Domande e Risposte sul programma Linux Essentials Program e relativo esame Exam qui.
Descrizione del candidato base
Questa è una descrizione di un candidato qualificato per passare l'esame LPI Linux Essentials. La persona ipotetica è chiamata Minimally Qualified Candidate (MQC). Sono indicati determinati standard in modo che questa persona (o chiunque più preparato) potrà passare l'esame, chi è meno preparano non sarà in grado di proseguire.
Il candidato ideale dovrebbe comprendere il settore Linux ed Open Source e conoscere le più diffuse applicazioni Open Source. Il candidato deve conoscere i principali componenti del sistema operativo Linux, ed avere la competenza tecnica per lavorare sulla riga di comando di Linux. Il MQC ha una conoscenza di base di argomenti relativi alla sicurezza e amministrazione di argomenti come gestione utente/gruppo, lavoro sulla linea di comando e autorizzazioni.
Tipicamente un certificato LPI Linux Essentials MQC:
- Ha una conoscenza base di FOSS, le comunità e le licenze.
- Comprende i concetti base dei processi, programmi e componenti di un Sistema Operativo.
- Ha una conoscenza base dell'hardware
- Ha una preparazione base della sicurezza, utenti/gruppi e permessi dei file per directory pubbliche e private.
- Conoscenza base di come rendere un sistema accessibile ed in gradi di connetterlo ad altri computer su una Local Area Network (LAN).
- Dimostra una conoscenza degli applicativi Open Source nel loro contesto e relativi ai loro equivalenti Closed Source.
- Comprende la navigazione del sistema su un Desktop Linux e dove informarsi per qualsiasi difficoltà.
- Ha una rudimentale capacità di lavorare con la linea di comando e con i file.
- Crea e ripristina semplici backup ed archivi.
- Può usare un editor a linea di comando base.
- Comprende la compressione dei file.
- È in grado di creare e lanciare semplici script.
Versione Informationi
Questi obiettivi sono alla versione 0.99.3.
Translations of Objectives
Versioni tradotte di queste informazioni:
Obiettivi
Argomento 1:La comunità Linux e le carriere lavorative nell'Open Source (weight: 7)
1.1 Evoluzione Linux e diffusi Sistemi Operativi
| Weight | 2 |
| Descrizione | Conoscenza dello sviluppo di Linux e le maggiori distribuzioni. |
Key Knowledge Areas:
- Open Source Philosophy
- Distributions
- Embedded Systems
The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:
- Android
- Debian
- CentOS
Nice to know:
1.2 Major Open Source Applications
| Weight | 2 |
| Description | Awareness of major applications and their uses. |
Key Knowledge Areas:
- Desktop Applications
- Server Applications
- Mobile Applications
- Development Languages
- Package Management Tools and repositories
The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:
- OpenOffice.org, LibreOffice, Thunderbird, Firefox
- Blender, Gimp, Audacity, ImageMagick
- Apache, MySQL, PostgreSQL
- NFS, Samba, OpenLDAP, Postfix, DNS, DHCP
- C, Java, Perl, shell, Python, PHP
Nice to know:
1.3 Understanding Open Source Software and Licensing
| Weight | 1 |
| Description | Open communities and licensing Open Source Software for business. |
Key Knowledge Areas:
- Licensing
- Free Software Foundation (FSF), Open Source Initiative (OSI)
The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:
- GPL, BSD, Creative Commons
- Free Software, Open Source Software, FOSS, FLOSS
- Open Source business models
Nice to know:
- Intellectual Property (IP): copyright, trademarks and patents
- Apache License, Mozilla License
1.4 ICT Skills and Working in Linux
| Weight | 2 |
| Description | Basic Information and Communication Technology (ICT) skills and working in Linux. |
Key Knowledge Areas:
- Desktop Skills
- Getting to the Command Line
- Industry uses of Linux, Cloud Computing and Virtualization
The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:
- Using a browser, privacy concerns, configuration options, searching the web and saving content
- Terminal and Console
- Password issues
- Privacy issues and tools
- Use of common open source applications in presentations and projects
Nice to know:
Topic 2: Finding Your Way on a Linux System (weight: 8)
2.1 Command Line Basics
| Weight | 2 |
| Description | Basics of using the Linux command line. |
Key Knowledge Areas:
- Basic shell
- Formatting commands
- Working With Options
- Variables
- Globbing
- Quoting
The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:
- echo
- history
- PATH env variable
- which
Nice to know:
- Substitutions
- ||, && and ; control operators
2.2 Using the Command Line to Get Help
| Weight | 2 |
| Description | Running help commands and navigation of the various help systems. |
Key Knowledge Areas:
- Man
- Info
The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:
- man
- info
- Man pages
- /usr/share/doc
- locate
Nice to know:
- apropos, whatis, whereis
2.3 Using Directories and Listing Files
| Weight | 2 |
| Description | Navigation of home and system directories and listing files in various locations. |
Key Knowledge Areas:
- Files, directories
- Hidden files and directories
- Home
- Absolute and relative paths
The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:
- Common options for ls
- Recursive listings
- cd
- . and ..
- home and ~
Nice to know:
2.4 Creating, Moving and Deleting Files
| Weight | 2 |
| Description | Create, move and delete files and directories under the home directory. |
Key Knowledge Areas:
- Files and directories
- Case sensitivity
- Simple globbing and quoting
The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:
- mv, cp, rm, touch
- mkdir, rmdir
Nice to know:
Topic 3: The Power of the Command Line (weight: 10)
3.1 Archiving Files on the Command Line
| Weight | 2 |
| Description | Archiving files in the user home directory. |
Key Knowledge Areas:
- Files, directories
- Archives, compression
The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:
- tar
- Common tar options
- gzip, bzip2
- zip, unzip
Nice to know:
- Extracting individual files from archives
3.2 Searching and Extracting Data from Files
| Weight | 4 |
| Description | Search and extract data from files in the home directory. |
Key Knowledge Areas:
- Command line pipes
- I/O re-direction
- Partial POSIX Regular Expressions (., [ ], *, ?)
The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:
- find
- grep
- less
- head, tail
- sort
- cut
- wc
Nice to know:
- Partial POSIX Basic Regular Expressions ([^ ], ^, $)
- Partial POSIX Extended Regular Expressions (+, ( ), |)
- xargs
3.3 Turning Commands into a Script
| Weight | 4 |
| Description | Turning repetitive commands into simple scripts. |
Key Knowledge Areas:
- Basic text editing
- Basic shell scripting
The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:
- /bin/sh
- Variables
- Arguments
- for loops
- echo
- Exit status
Nice to know:
- pico, nano, vi (only basics for creating scripts)
- Bash
- if, while, case statements
- read and test, and [ commands
Topic 4: The Linux Operating System (weight: 8)
4.1 Choosing an Operating System
| Weight | 1 |
| Description | Knowledge of major operating systems and Linux distributions. |
Key Knowledge Areas:
- Windows, Mac, Linux differences
- Distribution life cycle management
The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:
- GUI versus command line, desktop configuration
- Maintenance cycles, Beta and Stable
Nice to know:
4.2 Understanding Computer Hardware
| Weight | 2 |
| Description | Familiarity with the components that go into building desktop and server computers. |
Key Knowledge Areas:
- Hardware
The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:
- Hard drives and partitions, motherboards, processors, power supplies, optical drives, peripherals
- Display types
- Drivers
Nice to know:
4.3 Where Data is Stored
| Weight | 3 |
| Description | Where various types of information are stored on a Linux system. |
Key Knowledge Areas:
- Kernel
- Processes
- syslog, klog, dmesg
- /lib, /usr/lib, /etc, /var/log
The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:
- Programs, libraries, packages and package databases, system configuration
- Processes and process tables, memory addresses, system messaging and logging
- ps, top, free
Nice to know:
4.4 Your Computer on the Network
| Weight | 2 |
| Description | Querying vital networking settings and determining the basic requirements for a computer on a Local Area Network (LAN). |
Key Knowledge Areas:
- Internet, network, routers
- Domain Name Service
- Network configuration
The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:
- route
- resolv.conf
- IPv4, IPv6
- ifconfig
- netstat
- ping
Nice to know:
- ssh
- dig
Topic 5: Security and File Permissions (weight: 7)
5.1 Basic Security and Identifying User Types
| Weight | 2 |
| Description | Various types of users on a Linux system. |
Key Knowledge Areas:
- Root and Standard Users
- System users
The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:
- /etc/passwd, /etc/group
- id, who, w
- sudo
Nice to know:
- su
5.2 Creating Users and Groups
| Weight | 2 |
| Description | Creating users and groups on a Linux system. |
Key Knowledge Areas:
- User and group commands
- User IDs
The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:
- /etc/passwd, /etc/shadow, /etc/group
- id, last
- useradd, groupadd
- passwd
Nice to know:
- usermod, userdel
- groupmod, groupdel
5.3 Managing File Permissions and Ownership
| Weight | 2 |
| Description | Understanding and manipulating file permissions and ownership settings. |
Key Knowledge Areas:
- File/directory permissions and owners
The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:
- ls -l
- chmod, chown
Nice to know:
- chgrp
5.4 Special Directories and Files
| Weight | 1 |
| Description | Special directories and files on a Linux system including special permissions. |
Key Knowledge Areas:
- System files, libraries
- Symbolic links
The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:
- /etc, /var
- /tmp, /var/tmp and Sticky Bit
- ls -d
- ln -s
Nice to know:
- Hard links
- Setuid/Setgid
Reference Material
Notes and Comments
Feel free to add comments here:
