ATTENTION: This page is currently translated and updated. The information on this page might not be current. Please refer to the English version of this page until this hint is removed!

Propósito

O propósito deste documento é fornecer um panorama geral sobre as mudanças na atualização dos objetivos para os exames LPIC-1.

The exams that are affect by this update are LPIC-1 (101 and 102) exams.

ATTENTION: This page is currently translated and updated. The information on this page might not be current. Please refer to the English version of this page until this hint is removed!

Changes in Exam 101

The following changes constitute the update of exam 101 from version 4.0 to version 5.0:

101: System Architecture
- 101.1 Determine and configure hardware settings
  - Removed 'Configure systems with or without external peripherals such as keyboards.'
  - Removed 'Know the differences between coldplug and hotplug devices.'
- 101.2 Boot the system
  - Added coverage of UEFI (equal to BIOS coverage) and journalctl (with respect to boot events)
- 101.3 Change runlevels / boot targets and shutdown or reboot system
  - Added awareness of acpid
102: Linux Installation and Package Management
- 102.1 Design hard disk layout
  - Added EFI System Partition (ESP)
- 102.2 Install a boot manager
  - (no changes)
- 102.3 Manage shared libraries
  - (no changes)
- 102.4 Use Debian package management
  - Removed aptitude
  - Added awareness of apt.
- 102.5 Use RPM and YUM package management
  - Removed yumdownloader
  - Added Zypper (equal to YUM)
  - Added awareness of dnf
- 102.6 Linux as a virtualization guest
  - New objective (weight: 1)
  - Added specialties of running Linux in a virtual machines and containers on premise and in the cloud
103: GNU and Unix Commands
- 103.1 Work on the command line
  - Added quoting
  - Added type and which
- 103.2 Process text streams using filters
  - Decreased weight from 3 to 2
  - Removed expand, fmt, join, pr and unexpand
  - Added bzcat, md5sum, sha256sum, sha512sum, xzcat and zcat
- 103.3 Perform basic file management
  - Added bunzip2 and unxz
- 103.4 Use streams, pipes and redirects
  - (no changes)
- 103.5 Create, monitor and kill processes
  - Added watch and tmux
- 103.6 Modify process execution priorities
  - (no changes)
- 103.7 Search text files using regular expressions
  - Increased weight from 2 to 3
  - Added understanding of the differences between basic and extended regular expressions
  - Added understanding of the concepts of special characters, character classes, quantifiers and anchors
  - Added use of regular expressions to delete, change and substitute text
- 103.8 Basic file editing
  - Renamed from 'Perform basic file editing operations using vi' to ' Basic file editing'
  - Clarified wording of 'Understand and use vi modes.'
  - Removed vi commands c and :e!
  - Added awareness of other common editors (Emacs, nano and vim) and setting the default editor (EDITOR environment variable)
104: Devices, Linux Filesystems, Filesystem Hierarchy Standard
- 104.1 Create partitions and filesystems
  - Removed awareness of ReiserFS
  - Added GPT partition tables
  - Added exFAT
  - Changed awareness of Btrfs to 'Basic feature knowledge of Btrfs, including multi-device filesystems, compression and subvolumes.'
- 104.2 Maintain the integrity of filesystems
  - Removed debugfs and dumpe2fs
  - Changed 'XFS tools (such as xfs_metadump and xfs_info)' to coverage of xfs_repair, xfs_fsr and xfs_db
- 104.3 Control mounting and unmounting of filesystems
  - Added use of labels and UUIDs for identifying and mounting file systems
  - Added awareness of systemd mount units
  - Added blkid and lsblk
- 104.4 Manage disk quotas
  - Removed objective (former weight: 1)
- 104.5 Manage file permissions and ownership
  - (no changes)
- 104.6 Create and change hard and symbolic links
  - (no changes)
- 104.7 Find system files and place files in the correct location
  - (no changes)

Changes in Exam 102

The following changes constitute the update of exam 102 from version 4.0 to version 5.0:

105: Shells and Shell Scripting
- Renamed from 'Shells, Scripting and Data Management' to 'Shells and Shell Scripting'
- 105.1 Customize and use the shell environment
  - Removed lists
- 105.2 Customize or write simple scripts
  - Added execution of chained commands
  - Added && and ||
- 105.3 SQL data management
  - Removed objective (former weight: 2)
106: User Interfaces and Desktops
- 106.1 Install and configure X11
  - Removed verifying that the video card and monitor are supported by an X server
  - Removed awareness of the X font server
  - Removed xwininfo
  - Removed xpdyinfo
  - Added understanding of the X11 architecture
  - Added overwriting specific aspects of Xorg configuration, such as keyboard layout
  - Added understanding of the components of desktop environments, such as display managers and window managers
  - Added managing access to the X server and display applications on remote X servers
  - Added awareness of Wayland.
  - Added /etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/
  - Added ~/.xsession-errors
  - Added xauth
- 106.2 Graphical Desktops
  - Removed old content (configuration of display managers / LightDM)
  - Changed to cover awareness of major desktop environments and protocols to access remote desktop sessions
  - Added KDE, Gnome, Xfce, X11, XDMCP, VNC, Spice and RDP
- 106.3 Accessibility
  - Removed Basic knowledge of keyboard accessibility settings (AccessX)
  - Removed Orca, GOK and emacspeak
  - Added voice recognition
107: Administrative Tasks
- 107.1 Manage user and group accounts and related system files
  - (no changes)
- 107.2 Automate system administration tasks by scheduling jobs
  - Removed anacron
  - Added systemd timers
  - Added systemctl and systemd-run
- 107.3 Localisation and internationalisation
  - (no changes)
108: Essential System Services
- 108.1 Maintain system time
  - Added chrony (chronyc)
  - Added timedatectl
- 108.2 System logging
  - Increased weight from 3 to 4
  - Removed klogd and syslogd (syslog.conf)
  - Changed syslog from main topic to awareness
  - Changed rsyslog from awareness to main topic, focus is basic configuration
  - Added accessing the systemd journal, including queries, filters, persistent storage, deletion of old events and recovering journal content from a system's copy.
  - Added understanding of interaction of rsyslog with systemd-journald
  - Added systemd-cat
- 108.3 Mail Transfer Agent (MTA) basics
  - Removed qmail
- 108.4 Manage printers and printing
  - (no changes)
109: Networking Fundamentals
- 109.1 Fundamentals of internet protocols
  - (no changes)
- 109.2 Persistent network configuration
  - Renamed from 'Basic network configuration' to 'Persistent network configuration'
  - Changed focus from viewing settings to manage the persistent network configuration
  - Removed ip, route, ping, ifconfig (still in 109.3)
  - Added configuration of ethernet and wi-fi network configuration using NetworkManager
  - Added awareness of systemd-networkd
  - Added /etc/resolv.conf, nmcli and hostnamectl
- 109.3 Basic network troubleshooting
  - Changed to focus on manual interaction with network interfaces using iproute2
  - Changed coverage of net-tools commands to awareness
  - Removed dig and host (still in 109.4)
  - Removed ifup and ifdown (still in 109.2)
  - Added ss
- 109.4 Configure client side DNS
  - Added debuging errors related to name resolution
  - Added systemd.socket
  - Added awareness of systemd-resolved
110: Security
- 110.1 Perform security administration tasks
  - (no changes)
- 110.2 Setup host security
  - Removed /etc/inetd.d/
  - Removed /etc/inetd.conf
- 110.3 Securing data with encryption
  - Increased weight from 3 to 4
  - Added use of GPG to encrypt, decrypt, sign and verify files
  - Added gpg-agent
  - Added additional ciphers for SSH keys (~/.ssh/id_ecdsa, id_ecdsa.pub, ~/.ssh/id_ed25519, id_ed25519.pub, /etc/ssh/ssh_host_ecdsa_key, ssh_host_ecdsa_key.pub, /etc/ssh/ssh_host_ed25519_key and ssh_host_ed25519_key.pub)

LPIC-1 Summary Version 4.0 To 5.0(PT-BR)

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