WebDevelopmentEssentials Objectives V1.0(IT)

Livello Minimo di Qualifica del Candidato

Il candidato ha una comprensione di base dello sviluppo del software, del World Wide Web e delle applicazioni web. Il candidato è in grado di usare il markup semantico per creare semplici siti web ed estendere questi siti con link, elementi multimediali e moduli. Il candidato è in grado di definire come questi contenuti sono visualizzati e posizionati su un sito web. Inoltre, il candidato ha familiarità con i concetti fondamentali della programmazione come variabili, condizioni, cicli e funzioni. Il candidato può creare semplici programmi che vengono eseguiti in un browser web. Il candidato è anche in grado di sviluppare programmi lato server che possono elaborare i dati inviati da un sito web, rendere questi dati persistenti in un database e generare siti web dinamici basati sui contenuti di un database.

Informazioni sulla Versione

Questi Obiettivi sono UNA BOZZA PER la versione 1.0.0.

Traduzioni degli Obiettivi

Sono disponibili su questo wiki le seguenti traduzioni degli Obiettivi:

• Inglese
• Brasiliano Portoghese
• Cinese (Semplificato)
• Cinese (Tradizionale)
• Olandese
• Francese
• Tedesco
• Italiano
• Giapponese
• Spagnolo

Obiettivi

031 Software Development and Web Technologies

031.1 Software Development Basics (peso: 1)

Peso	1
'Descrizione	The candidate should be familiar with the most essential concepts of software development and be aware of important programming languages.

Aree di Conoscenza Chiave:

• Understand what source code is
• Understand the principles of compilers and interpreters
• Understand the concept of libraries
• Understand the concepts of functional, procedural and object-oriented programming
• Awareness of common features of source code editors and integrated development environments (IDE)
• Awareness of version control systems
• Awareness of software testing
• Awareness of important programming languages (C, C++, C#, Java, JavaScript, Python, PHP)

031.2 Web Application Architecture (peso: 2)

Peso	2
'Descrizione	The candidate should understand common standards in web development technology and architecture.

Aree di Conoscenza Chiave:

• Understand the principle of client and server computing
• Understand the role of web browsers and be aware of commonly used web browsers
• Understand the role of web servers and application servers
• Understand common web development technologies and standards
• Understand the principles of APIs
• Understand the principle of relational and non-relational (NoSQL) databases
• Awareness of commonly used open source database management systems
• Awareness of REST and GraphQL
• Awareness of single-page applications
• Awareness of web application packaging
• Awareness of WebAssembly
• Awareness of content management systems

File, termini e utilità:

• Chrome, Edge, Firefox, Safari, Internet Explorer
• HTML, CSS, JavaScript
• SQLite, MySQL, MariaDB, PostgreSQL
• MongoDB, CouchDB, Redis

031.3 HTTP Basics (peso: 3)

Peso	3
'Descrizione	The candidate should be familiar with the basics of HTTP. This includes understanding HTTP headers, content types, caching, and status codes. Furthermore, the candidate should understand the principles of cookies and their role for session handling and be aware of advanced HTTP features.

Aree di Conoscenza Chiave:

• Understand HTTP GET and POST methods, status codes, headers and content types
• Understand the difference between static and dynamic content
• Understand HTTP URLs
• Understand how HTTP URLs are mapped to file system paths
• Upload files to a web server's document root
• Understand caching
• Understand cookies
• Awareness of sessions and session hijacking
• Awareness of commonly used HTTP servers
• Awareness of HTTPS and TLS
• Awareness of web sockets
• Awareness of virtual hosts
• Awareness of common HTTP servers
• Awareness of network bandwidth and latency requirements and limitations

File, termini e utilità:

• GET, POST
• 200, 301, 302, 401, 403, 404, 500
• Apache HTTP Server ("httpd"), NGINX

032 HTML Document Markup

032.1 HTML Document Anatomy (peso: 2)

Peso	2
'Descrizione	The candidate should understand the anatomy and syntax of an HTML document. This includes creating basic HTML documents.

Aree di Conoscenza Chiave:

• Create a simple HTML document
• Understand the role of HTML
• Understand the HTML skeleton
• Understand the HTML syntax (tags, attributes, comments)
• Understand the HTML head
• Understand meta tags
• Understand character encoding

File, termini e utilità:

• <!DOCTYPE html>
• <html>
• <head>
• <body>
• <meta>, including the charset (UTF-8), name and content attributes

032.2 HTML Semantics and Document Hierarchy (peso: 2)

Peso	2
'Descrizione	The candidate should be able to create HTML documents with a semantic structure.

Aree di Conoscenza Chiave:

• Create markup for contents in an HTML document
• Understand the hierarchical HTML text structure
• Differentiate between block and inline HTML elements
• Understand important semantic structural HTML elements

File, termini e utilità:

• <h1>, <h2>, <h3>, <h4>, <h5>, <h6>
• <p>
• <ul>, <ol>, <li>
• <dl>, <dt>, <dd>
• <pre>
• <blockquote>
• <strong>, <em>, <code>
• <b>, <i>, <u>
• <span>
• <div>
• <main>, <header>, <nav>, <section>, <footer>

032.3 HTML References and Embedded Resources (peso: 2)

Peso	2
'Descrizione	The candidate should be able to link an HTML document with other documents and embed external content, such as images, videos and audio in an HTML document.

Aree di Conoscenza Chiave:

• Create links to external resources and page anchors
• Add images to HTML documents
• Understand key properties of common media file formats, inlcuding PNG, JPG and SVG
• Awareness of iframes

File, termini e utilità:

• id attribute
• <a>, including the href and target (_blank, _self, _parent, _top) attributes
• <img>, including the src and alt attributes

032.4 HTML Forms (peso: 2)

Peso	2
'Descrizione	The candidate should be able to create simple HTML forms containing input elements of various types.

Aree di Conoscenza Chiave:

• Create simple HTML forms
• Understand HTML form methods
• Understand HTML input elements and types

File, termini e utilità:

• <form>, including the method (get, post), action, and enctype attributes
• <input>, including the type (text, email, password, number, date, file, range, radio, checkbox, hidden) attribute
• <button>, including the type (submit, reset, hidden, button) attribute
• <textarea>
• common form element attributes (name, value, id)
• <label>, including the for attribute

033 CSS Content Styling

033.1 CSS Basics (peso: 1)

Peso	1
'Descrizione	The candidate should understand the various ways to style an HTML document using CSS. This includes the structure and syntax of CSS rules.

Aree di Conoscenza Chiave:

• Embedding CSS within an HTML document
• Understand the CSS syntax
• Add comments to CSS
• Awareness of accessibility features and requirements

File, termini e utilità:

• HTML style and type (text/css) attributes
• <style>
• <link>, including the rel (stylesheet), type (text/css) and src attributes
• ;
• /*,*/

033.2 CSS Selectors and Style Application (peso: 3)

Peso	3
'Descrizione	The candidate should be able to use selectors in CSS and understand how CSS rules are applied to elements within an HTML document.

Aree di Conoscenza Chiave:

• Use selectors to apply CSS rules to elements
• Understand CSS pseudo-classes
• Understand rule order and precedence in CSS
• Understand inheritance in CSS

File, termini e utilità:

• element; .class; #id
• a, b; a.class; a b;
• :hover, :focus
• !important

033.3 CSS Styling (peso: 2)

Peso	2
'Descrizione	The candidate should use CSS to add simple styles to the elements of an HTML document.

Aree di Conoscenza Chiave:

• Understand fundamental CSS properties
• Understand units commonly used in CSS

File, termini e utilità:

• px, %, em, rem, vw, vh
• color, background, background-*, font, font-*, text-*, list-style, line-height

033.4 CSS Box Model and Layout (peso: 2)

Peso	2
'Descrizione	The candidate should understand the CSS box model. This includes defining the position of elements on a website. Additionally, the candidate should understand the document flow.

Aree di Conoscenza Chiave:

• Define the dimension, position and alignment of elements in a CSS layout
• Specify how text flows around other elements
• Understand the document flow
• Awareness of the CSS grid
• Awareness of responsive web design
• Awareness of CSS media queries

File, termini e utilità:

• width, height, padding, padding-*, margin, margin-*, border, border-*
• top, left, right, bottom
• display: block | inline | flex | inline-flex | none
• position: static | relative | absolute | fixed | sticky
• float: left | right | none
• clear: left | right | both | none

034 JavaScript Programming

034.1 JavaScript Execution and Syntax (peso: 1)

Peso	1
'Descrizione	The candidate should be able to execute JavaScript files and inline code from an HTML document and understand basic JavaScript syntax.

Aree di Conoscenza Chiave:

• Run JavaScript within an HTML document
• Understand the JavaScript syntax
• Add comments to JavaScript code
• Access the JavaScript console
• Write to the JavaScript console

File, termini e utilità:

• <script>, including the type (text/javascript) and src attributes
• ;
• //, /* */
• console.log

034.2 JavaScript Data Structures (peso: 3)

Peso	3
'Descrizione	The candidate should be able to use variables in JavaScript code. This includes understanding values and data types. Furthermore, the candidate should understand assignment operators and type conversion and be aware of variable scope.

Aree di Conoscenza Chiave:

• Define and use variables and constants
• Understand data types
• Understand type conversion/coercion
• Understand arrays and objects
• Awareness of the variable scope

File, termini e utilità:

• =, +, -, *, /, %, --, ++, +=, -=, *=, /=
• var, let, const
• boolean, number, string, symbol
• array, object
• undefined, null, NaN

034.3 JavaScript Control Structures and Functions (peso: 4)

Peso	4
'Descrizione	The candidate should be able to use control structures in JavaScript code. This includes using comparison operators. Furthermore, the candidate should be able to write simple functions and understand function parameters and return values.

Aree di Conoscenza Chiave:

• Understand truthy and falsy values
• Understand comparison operators
• Understand the difference between loose and strict comparison
• Use conditionals
• Use loops
• Define custom functions

File, termini e utilità:

• if, else if, else
• switch, case, break
• for, while, break, continue
• function, return
• ==, !=, <, <=, >, >=
• ===, !==

034.4 JavaScript Manipulation of Website Content and Styling (peso: 2)

Peso	2
'Descrizione	The candidate should understand the HTML DOM. This includes manipulating HTML elements and CSS properties through the DOM using JavaScript as well as using DOM events in simple scenarios.

Aree di Conoscenza Chiave:

• Understand the concept and structure of the DOM
• Change the contents and properties of HTML elements through the DOM
• Change the CSS styling of HTML elements through the DOM
• Trigger JavaScript functions from HTML elements

File, termini e utilità:

• document.getElementById(), document.getElementsByClassName(), document.getElementsByTagName(),document.querySelector(), document.querySelectorAll()
• innerHTML, setAttribute(), removeAttribute() properties and methods of DOM elements
• classList, classList.add(), classList.remove(), classList.toggle() properties and methods of DOM elements
• onClick, onMouseOver, onMouseOut attributes of HTML elements

035 NodeJS Server Programming

035.1 NodeJS Basics (peso: 1)

Peso	1
'Descrizione	The candidate should understand the basics of NodeJS. This includes running a local development server as well as understanding the concept of NPM modules.

Aree di Conoscenza Chiave:

• Understand the concepts of Node.js
• Run a NodeJS application
• Install NPM packages

File, termini e utilità:

• node [file.js]
• npm init
• npm install [module_name]
• package.json
• node_modules

035.2 NodeJS Express Basics (peso: 4)

Peso	4
'Descrizione	The candidate should be able to create a simple dynamic website with the Express web framework. This includes defining simple Express routes as well as serving dynamic files through the template engine EJS.

Aree di Conoscenza Chiave:

• Define routes to static files and EJS templates
• Serve static files through Express
• Serve EJS templates through Express
• Create simple, non-nested EJS templates
• Use the request object to access HTTP GET and POST parameters and process data submitted through HTML forms
• Awareness of user input validation
• Awareness of cross-site Scripting (XSS)
• Awareness of cross-site request forgery (CSRF)

File, termini e utilità:

• express and body-parser node module
• Express app object
• app.get(), app.post()
• res.query, res.body
• ejs node module
• res.render()
• <% … %>, <%= … %>, <%# … %>, <%- … %>
• views/

035.3 SQL Basics (peso: 3)

Peso	3
'Descrizione	The candidate should be able to create individual tables in an SQLite database and add, modify and delete data using SQL. Furthermore, the candidate should be able to retrieve data from individual tables and execute SQL queries from NodeJS. This does not include referencing or combining data between multiple tables.

Aree di Conoscenza Chiave:

• Establish a database connection from NodeJS
• Retrieve data from the database in NodeJS
• Execute SQL queries from NodeJS
• Create simple SQL queries excluding joins
• Understand primary keys
• Escape variables used in SQL queries
• Awareness of SQL injections

File, termini e utilità:

• sqlite3 NPM module
• Database.run(), Database.close(), Database.all(), Database.get(), Database.each()
• CREATE TABLE
• INSERT, SELECT, DELETE, UPDATE