Linux Essentials Objectives V1.6: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 21:16, 14 March 2018

Introduction

The description of the entire Linux Essentials Programme programme is listed here.

The purpose of the Linux Essentials Certificate is to define the basic knowledge required to competently use a desktop or mobile device using a Linux Operating System. The associated Linux Essentials Program will guide and encourage youth (and those new to Linux and Open Source) to understand the place of Linux and Open Source in the context of the broader IT industry.

FAQ

Questions and answers on the Linux Essentials Program and Exam are listed here.

Minimally Qualified Candidate Description

This is a description of a candidate that is just barely qualified to pass the Linux Essentials exam. This hypothetical person is called the Minimally Qualified Candidate (MQC). Standards on the Linux Essentials exam should be set so that this person (and anyone more able) would pass but anyone less able would not pass.

The MQC has an understanding of the Linux and Open Source industry and knowledge of the most popular Open Source applications. The candidate should understand the major components of the Linux operating system, and have the technical proficiency to work on the Linux command line. The MQC has a basic understanding of security and administration related topics such as user/group management, working on the command line and permissions. The Linux Essentials certificate holder is most likely the end user of a mostly managed system.

The LPI Linux Essentials Certificate Holder MQC typically:

Has a basic understanding of Free and Open Source Software, the various communities and licenses.
Understands the basic concepts of processes, programs and the components of an operating system.
Has a basic understanding of computer hardware.
Has a basic understanding of system security, users/groups and file permissions for public and private directories.
Has a basic understanding of how to make the system accessible and able to connect to other computers on a Local Area Network (LAN).
Demonstrates a knowledge of Open Source Applications in the workplace as they relate to closed source equivalents.
Understands navigation systems on a Linux Desktop and where to go for help.
Has a rudimentary ability to work on the command line and with files.
Is able to make and restore simple backups and archives.
Is able to use a basic command line editor.
Understands file compression.
Is able to create and run simple shell scripts.

Version Information

These objectives are version 1.6.

This is also a summary and detailed information on the changes from version 1.5 to 1.6 of the objectives.

The version 1.5 objectives can be found here.

Addenda

There are currently no addenda.

Translations of Objectives

The following translations of the objectives are available on this wiki:

Objectives

Topic 1: The Linux Community and a Career in Open Source

1.1 Linux Evolution and Popular Operating Systems (weight: 2)

Weight	2
Description	Knowledge of Linux development and major distributions.

Key Knowledge Areas:

Distributions
Embedded Systems
Linux in the Cloud

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

Debian, Ubuntu (LTS)
CentOS, openSUSE, Red Hat, SUSE
Linux Mint, Scientific Linux
Raspberry Pi, Raspbian
Android

1.2 Major Open Source Applications (weight: 2)

Weight	2
Description	Awareness of major applications as well as their uses and development.

Key Knowledge Areas:

Desktop applications
Server applications
Development languages
Package management tools and repositories

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

OpenOffice.org, LibreOffice, Thunderbird, Firefox, GIMP
Nextcloud, ownCloud
Apache HTTPD, NGINX, MySQL, NFS, Samba
C, Java, JavaScript, Perl, shell, Python, PHP
dpkg, apt-get, rpm, yum

1.3 Understanding Open Source Software and Licensing (weight: 1)

Weight	1
Description	Open communities and licensing Open Source Software for business.

Key Knowledge Areas:

Open source philosophy
Open source licensing
Free Software Foundation (FSF), Open Source Initiative (OSI)

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

Copyleft, Permissive
GPL, BSD, Creative Commons
Free Software, Open Source Software, FOSS, FLOSS
Open source business models

1.4 ICT Skills and Working in Linux (weight: 2)

Weight	2
Description	Basic Information and Communication Technology (ICT) skills and working in Linux.

Key Knowledge Areas:

Desktop skills
Getting to the command line
Industry uses of Linux, cloud computing and virtualization

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

Using a browser, privacy concerns, configuration options, searching the web and saving content
Terminal and console
Password issues
Privacy issues and tools
Use of common open source applications in presentations and projects

Topic 2: Finding Your Way on a Linux System

2.1 Command Line Basics (weight: 3)

Weight	3
Description	Basics of using the Linux command line.

Key Knowledge Areas:

Basic shell
Command line syntax
Variables
Globbing
Quoting

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

Bash
echo
history
PATH environment variable
export
type

2.2 Using the Command Line to Get Help (weight: 2)

Weight	2
Description	Running help commands and navigation of the various help systems.

Key Knowledge Areas:

Man pages
Info page

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

man
info
/usr/share/doc/
locate

2.3 Using Directories and Listing Files (weight: 2)

Weight	2
Description	Navigation of home and system directories and listing files in various locations.

Key Knowledge Areas:

Files, directories
Hidden files and directories
Home directories
Absolute and relative paths

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

Common options for ls
Recursive listings
cd
. and ..
home and ~

2.4 Creating, Moving and Deleting Files (weight: 2)

Weight	2
Description	Create, move and delete files and directories under the home directory.

Key Knowledge Areas:

Files and directories
Case sensitivity
Simple globbing and quoting

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

mv, cp, rm, touch
mkdir, rmdir

Topic 3: The Power of the Command Line

3.1 Archiving Files on the Command Line (weight: 2)

Weight	2
Description	Archiving files in the user home directory.

Key Knowledge Areas:

Files, directories
Archives, compression

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

tar
Common tar options
gzip, bzip2
zip, unzip

3.2 Searching and Extracting Data from Files (weight: 3)

Weight	3
Description	Search and extract data from files in the home directory.

Key Knowledge Areas:

Command line pipes
I/O redirection
Basic Regular Expressions using ., [ ], *, and ?

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

grep
less
cat, head, tail
sort
cut
wc

3.3 Turning Commands into a Script (weight: 4)

Weight	4
Description	Turning repetitive commands into simple scripts.

Key Knowledge Areas:

Basic shell scripting
Awareness of common text editors (vi and nano)

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

#! (shebang)
/bin/bash
Variables
Arguments
for loops
echo
Exit status

Topic 4: The Linux Operating System

4.1 Choosing an Operating System (weight: 1)

Weight	1
Description	Knowledge of major operating systems and Linux distributions.

Key Knowledge Areas:

Differences of Windows, OS X and Linux
Distribution life cycle management

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

GUI versus command line, desktop configuration
Maintenance cycles, beta and stable

4.2 Understanding Computer Hardware (weight: 2)

Weight	2
Description	Familiarity with the components that go into building desktop and server computers.

Key Knowledge Areas:

Hardware

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

Motherboards, processors, power supplies, optical drives, peripherals
Hard drives and partitions, /dev/sd*
Drivers

4.3 Where Data is Stored (weight: 3)

Weight	3
Description	Where various types of information are stored on a Linux system.

Key Knowledge Areas:

Programs and configuration, packages and package databases
Processes, memory addresses, system messaging and logging

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

ps, top, free
syslog, dmesg
/etc/, /var/log/
/boot/, /proc/, /dev/, /sys/

4.4 Your Computer on the Network (weight: 2)

Weight	2
Description	Querying vital networking configuration and determining the basic requirements for a computer on a Local Area Network (LAN).

Key Knowledge Areas:

Internet, network, routers
Querying DNS client configuration
Querying network configuration

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

route, ip route show
ifconfig, ip addr show
netstat, ip route show
/etc/resolv.conf, /etc/hosts
IPv4, IPv6
ping
host

Topic 5: Security and File Permissions

5.1 Basic Security and Identifying User Types (weight: 2)

Weight	2
Description	Various types of users on a Linux system.

Key Knowledge Areas:

Root and standard users
System users

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

/etc/passwd, /etc/group
id, who, w
sudo, su

5.2 Creating Users and Groups (weight: 2)

Weight	2
Description	Creating users and groups on a Linux system.

Key Knowledge Areas:

User and group commands
User IDs

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

/etc/passwd, /etc/shadow, /etc/group, /etc/skel/
id, last
useradd, groupadd
passwd

5.3 Managing File Permissions and Ownership (weight: 2)

Weight	2
Description	Understanding and manipulating file permissions and ownership settings.

Key Knowledge Areas:

File and directory permissions and ownership

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

ls -l, ls -a
chmod, chown

5.4 Special Directories and Files (weight: 1)

Weight	1
Description	Special directories and files on a Linux system including special permissions.

Key Knowledge Areas:

Using temporary files and directories
Symbolic links

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

/tmp/, /var/tmp/ and Sticky Bit
ls -d
ln -s

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 __FORCETOC__
-==Introduction and Exam Development Workshops==
+==Introduction==
 The description of the entire Linux Essentials Programme programme is listed [[LinuxEssentialsProgramme|here]].
@@ Line 12: / Line 12: @@
 ==Minimally Qualified Candidate Description==
-This is a description of a candidate that is just barely
+This is a description of a candidate that is just barely qualified to pass the Linux Essentials exam. This hypothetical person is called the Minimally Qualified Candidate (MQC). Standards on
-qualified to pass the LPI Linux Essentials exam.  This hypothetical
+the Linux Essentials exam should be set so that this person (and anyone more able) would pass but anyone less able would not pass.
-person is called the Minimally Qualified Candidate (MQC).  Standards on
-the Linux Essentials exam should be set so that this person (and
-anyone more able) would pass but anyone less able would not pass.
-The successful candidate should have an understanding of the Linux and Open Source industry and knowledge of the most popular Open Source Applications.  The candidate should understand the major components of the Linux operating system, and have the technical proficiency to work on the Linux command line. The MQC has a basic understanding of security and administration related topics such
-as user/group management, working on the command line and permissions.   The Linux Essentials Certificate holder is most likely the end user of a mostly managed system.
+The MQC has an understanding of the Linux and Open Source industry and knowledge of the most popular Open Source applications. The candidate should understand the major components of the Linux operating system, and have the technical proficiency to work on the Linux command line. The MQC has a basic understanding of security and administration related topics such
+as user/group management, working on the command line and permissions. The Linux Essentials certificate holder is most likely the end user of a mostly managed system.
 The '''LPI Linux Essentials Certificate Holder MQC''' typically:
-* Has a basic understanding of FOSS, the various communities and licenses.
+* Has a basic understanding of Free and Open Source Software, the various communities and licenses.
-* Understands the basic concepts of processes, programs and the components of an Operating System.
+* Understands the basic concepts of processes, programs and the components of an operating system.
-* Has a basic knowledge of computer hardware.
+* Has a basic understanding of computer hardware.
-* Has a basic appreciation of system security, users/groups and file permissions for public and private directories.
+* Has a basic understanding of system security, users/groups and file permissions for public and private directories.
-* Basic understanding of how to make the system accessible and able to connect to other computers on a Local Area Network (LAN).
+* Has a basic understanding of how to make the system accessible and able to connect to other computers on a Local Area Network (LAN).
-* Demonstrates a knowledge of Open Source Applications in the Workplace as they relate to Closed Source equivalents.
+* Demonstrates a knowledge of Open Source Applications in the workplace as they relate to closed source equivalents.
 * Understands navigation systems on a Linux Desktop and where to go for help.
 * Has a rudimentary ability to work on the command line and with files.
-* Make and restore simple backups and archives.
+* Is able to make and restore simple backups and archives.
-* Can use a basic command line editor.
+* Is able to use a basic command line editor.
 * Understands file compression.
-* Ability to create and run simple scripts.
+* Is able to create and run simple shell scripts.
 ==Version Information==
-These objectives are version 1.5.
+These objectives are version 1.6.
-This is also a [[LESummaryVersion1To1.5|summary and detailed information]] on the changes from version 1.0 to 1.5 of the objectives.
+This is also a [[LESummaryVersion1.5To1.6|summary and detailed information]] on the changes from version 1.5 to 1.6 of the objectives.
-The [[LinuxEssentials Objectives V1|version 1.0 objectives]] can be found [[LinuxEssentials Objectives V1|here]].
+The [[LinuxEssentials Objectives V1.5|version 1.5 objectives]] can be found [[LinuxEssentials Objectives V1.5|here]].
 ==Addenda==
@@ Line 53: / Line 49: @@
 The following translations of the objectives are available on this wiki:
-* [[LinuxEssentials Objectives V1.5|English]].
+* [[LinuxEssentials Objectives V1.6|English]]
-* [[LinuxEssentials Objectives V1.5(AR)|Arabic]].
+* [[LinuxEssentials Objectives V1.6(AR)|Arabic]]
-* [[LinuxEssentials Objectives V1.5(PT-BR)|Brazilian Portuguese]].
+* [[LinuxEssentials Objectives V1.6(PT-BR)|Brazilian Portuguese]]
-* [[LinuxEssentials Objectives V1.5(FR)|French]].
+* [[LinuxEssentials Objectives V1.6(FR)|French]]
-* [[LinuxEssentials Objectives V1.5(DE)|German]].
+* [[LinuxEssentials Objectives V1.6(DE)|German]]
-* [[LinuxEssentials Objectives V1.5(EL)|Greek]].
+* [[LinuxEssentials Objectives V1.6(EL)|Greek]]
-* [[LinuxEssentials Objectives V1.5(ES)|Spanish]].
+* [[LinuxEssentials Objectives V1.6(ES)|Spanish]]
-* [[LinuxEssentials Objectives V1.5(TR)|Turkish]].
+* [[LinuxEssentials Objectives V1.6(TR)|Turkish]]
-* [[LinuxEssentials Objectives V1.5(IT)|Italian]].
+* [[LinuxEssentials Objectives V1.6(IT)|Italian]]
-* [[LinuxEssentials Objectives V1.5(NL)|Dutch]].
+* [[LinuxEssentials Objectives V1.6(NL)|Dutch]]
 ==Objectives==
-===''Topic 1: The Linux Community and a Career in Open Source (weight: 7)''===
+===''Topic 1: The Linux Community and a Career in Open Source''===
-====<span style="color:navy">1.1 Linux Evolution and Popular Operating Systems</span>====
+====<span style="color:navy">1.1 Linux Evolution and Popular Operating Systems (weight: 2)</span>====
 {|
@@ Line 89: / Line 85: @@
 '''Key Knowledge Areas:'''
-* Open Source Philosophy
 * Distributions
 * Embedded Systems
+* Linux in the Cloud
 '''The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:'''
-* Android
 * Debian, Ubuntu (LTS)
-* CentOS, openSUSE, Red Hat
+* CentOS, openSUSE, Red Hat, SUSE
 * Linux Mint, Scientific Linux
+* Raspberry Pi, Raspbian
+* Android
-====<span style="color:navy">1.2 Major Open Source Applications</span>====
+====<span style="color:navy">1.2 Major Open Source Applications (weight: 2)</span>====
 {|
@@ Line 121: / Line 118: @@
 '''Key Knowledge Areas:'''
-* Desktop Applications
+* Desktop applications
-* Server Applications
+* Server applications
-* Development Languages
+* Development languages
-* Package Management Tools and repositories
+* Package management tools and repositories
 '''The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:'''
 * OpenOffice.org, LibreOffice, Thunderbird, Firefox, GIMP
+* Nextcloud, ownCloud
 * Apache HTTPD, NGINX, MySQL, NFS, Samba
-* C, Java, Perl, shell, Python, PHP
+* C, Java, JavaScript, Perl, shell, Python, PHP
 * dpkg, apt-get, rpm, yum
-====<span style="color:navy">1.3 Understanding Open Source Software and Licensing</span>====
+====<span style="color:navy">1.3 Understanding Open Source Software and Licensing (weight: 1)</span>====
 {|
@@ Line 154: / Line 152: @@
 '''Key Knowledge Areas:'''
-* Licensing
+* Open source philosophy
+* Open source licensing
 * Free Software Foundation (FSF), Open Source Initiative (OSI)
 '''The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:'''
+* Copyleft, Permissive
 * GPL, BSD, Creative Commons
 * Free Software, Open Source Software, FOSS, FLOSS
-* Open Source business models
+* Open source business models
-====<span style="color:navy">1.4 ICT Skills and Working in Linux</span>====
+====<span style="color:navy">1.4 ICT Skills and Working in Linux (weight: 2)</span>====
 {|
@@ Line 184: / Line 184: @@
 '''Key Knowledge Areas:'''
-* Desktop Skills
+* Desktop skills
-* Getting to the Command Line
+* Getting to the command line
-* Industry uses of Linux, Cloud Computing and Virtualization
+* Industry uses of Linux, cloud computing and virtualization
 '''The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:'''
 * Using a browser, privacy concerns, configuration options, searching the web and saving content
-* Terminal and Console
+* Terminal and console
 * Password issues
 * Privacy issues and tools
 * Use of common open source applications in presentations and projects
-===''Topic 2: Finding Your Way on a Linux System (weight: 9)''===
+===''Topic 2: Finding Your Way on a Linux System''===
-====<span style="color:navy">2.1 Command Line Basics</span>====
+====<span style="color:navy">2.1 Command Line Basics (weight: 3)</span>====
 {|
@@ Line 230: / Line 230: @@
 * echo
 * history
-* PATH env variable
+* PATH environment variable
 * export
 * type
-====<span style="color:navy">2.2 Using the Command Line to Get Help </span>====
+====<span style="color:navy">2.2 Using the Command Line to Get Help (weight: 2)</span>====
 {|
@@ Line 255: / Line 255: @@
 '''Key Knowledge Areas:'''
-* Man
+* Man pages
-* Info
+* Info page
 '''The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:'''
@@ Line 262: / Line 262: @@
 * man
 * info
-* Man pages
 * /usr/share/doc/
 * locate
-====<span style="color:navy">2.3 Using Directories and Listing Files</span>====
+====<span style="color:navy">2.3 Using Directories and Listing Files (weight: 2)</span>====
 {|
@@ Line 289: / Line 288: @@
 * Files, directories
 * Hidden files and directories
-* Home
+* Home directories
 * Absolute and relative paths
@@ Line 300: / Line 299: @@
 * home and ~
-====<span style="color:navy">2.4 Creating, Moving and Deleting Files</span>====
+====<span style="color:navy">2.4 Creating, Moving and Deleting Files (weight: 2)</span>====
 {|
@@ Line 330: / Line 329: @@
 * mkdir, rmdir
-===''Topic 3: The Power of the Command Line (weight: 9)''===
+===''Topic 3: The Power of the Command Line''===
-====<span style="color:navy">3.1 Archiving Files on the Command Line</span>====
+====<span style="color:navy">3.1 Archiving Files on the Command Line (weight: 2)</span>====
 {|
@@ Line 363: / Line 362: @@
 * zip, unzip
-====<span style="color:navy">3.2 Searching and Extracting Data from Files</span>====
+====<span style="color:navy">3.2 Searching and Extracting Data from Files (weight: 3)</span>====
 {|
@@ Line 385: / Line 384: @@
 * Command line pipes
-* I/O re-direction
+* I/O redirection
 * Basic Regular Expressions using ., [ ], *, and ?
@@ Line 397: / Line 396: @@
 * wc
-====<span style="color:navy">3.3 Turning Commands into a Script</span>====
+====<span style="color:navy">3.3 Turning Commands into a Script (weight: 4)</span>====
 {|
@@ Line 419: / Line 418: @@
 * Basic shell scripting
-* Awareness of common text editors
+* Awareness of common text editors (vi and nano)
 '''The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:'''
@@ Line 431: / Line 430: @@
 * Exit status
-===''Topic 4: The Linux Operating System (weight: 8)''===
+===''Topic 4: The Linux Operating System''===
-====<span style="color:navy">4.1 Choosing an Operating System</span>====
+====<span style="color:navy">4.1 Choosing an Operating System (weight: 1)</span>====
 {|
@@ Line 454: / Line 453: @@
 '''Key Knowledge Areas:'''
-* Windows, Mac, Linux differences
+* Differences of Windows, OS X and Linux
 * Distribution life cycle management
@@ Line 460: / Line 459: @@
 * GUI versus command line, desktop configuration
-* Maintenance cycles, Beta and Stable
+* Maintenance cycles, beta and stable
-====<span style="color:navy">4.2 Understanding Computer Hardware</span>====
+====<span style="color:navy">4.2 Understanding Computer Hardware (weight: 2)</span>====
 {|
@@ Line 491: / Line 490: @@
 * Drivers
-====<span style="color:navy">4.3 Where Data is Stored</span>====
+====<span style="color:navy">4.3 Where Data is Stored (weight: 3)</span>====
 {|
@@ Line 522: / Line 521: @@
 * /boot/, /proc/, /dev/, /sys/
-====<span style="color:navy">4.4 Your Computer on the Network</span>====
+====<span style="color:navy">4.4 Your Computer on the Network (weight: 2)</span>====
 {|
@@ Line 545: / Line 544: @@
 * Internet, network, routers
 * Querying DNS client configuration
-* Querying Network configuration
+* Querying network configuration
 '''The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:'''
@@ Line 557: / Line 556: @@
 * host
-===''Topic 5: Security and File Permissions (weight: 7)''===
+===''Topic 5: Security and File Permissions''===
-====<span style="color:navy">5.1 Basic Security and Identifying User Types</span>====
+====<span style="color:navy">5.1 Basic Security and Identifying User Types (weight: 2)</span>====
 {|
@@ Line 580: / Line 579: @@
 '''Key Knowledge Areas:'''
-* Root and Standard Users
+* Root and standard users
 * System users
@@ Line 589: / Line 588: @@
 * sudo, su
-====<span style="color:navy">5.2 Creating Users and Groups</span>====
+====<span style="color:navy">5.2 Creating Users and Groups (weight: 2)</span>====
 {|
@@ Line 620: / Line 619: @@
 * passwd
-====<span style="color:navy">5.3 Managing File Permissions and Ownership</span>====
+====<span style="color:navy">5.3 Managing File Permissions and Ownership (weight: 2)</span>====
 {|
@@ Line 641: / Line 640: @@
 '''Key Knowledge Areas:'''
-* File/directory permissions and owners
+* File and directory permissions and ownership
 '''The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:'''
@@ Line 648: / Line 647: @@
 * chmod, chown
-====<span style="color:navy">5.4 Special Directories and Files</span>====
+====<span style="color:navy">5.4 Special Directories and Files (weight: 1)</span>====
 {|
@@ Line 677: / Line 676: @@
 * ls -d
 * ln -s
-===''Reference Material''===
-===Notes and Comments===
-Feel free to add comments below:

Linux Essentials Objectives V1.6: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 21:16, 14 March 2018

Introduction

FAQ

Minimally Qualified Candidate Description

Version Information

Addenda

Translations of Objectives

Objectives

Topic 1: The Linux Community and a Career in Open Source

1.1 Linux Evolution and Popular Operating Systems (weight: 2)

1.2 Major Open Source Applications (weight: 2)

1.3 Understanding Open Source Software and Licensing (weight: 1)

1.4 ICT Skills and Working in Linux (weight: 2)

Topic 2: Finding Your Way on a Linux System

2.1 Command Line Basics (weight: 3)

2.2 Using the Command Line to Get Help (weight: 2)

2.3 Using Directories and Listing Files (weight: 2)

2.4 Creating, Moving and Deleting Files (weight: 2)

Topic 3: The Power of the Command Line

3.1 Archiving Files on the Command Line (weight: 2)

3.2 Searching and Extracting Data from Files (weight: 3)

3.3 Turning Commands into a Script (weight: 4)

Topic 4: The Linux Operating System

4.1 Choosing an Operating System (weight: 1)

4.2 Understanding Computer Hardware (weight: 2)

4.3 Where Data is Stored (weight: 3)

4.4 Your Computer on the Network (weight: 2)

Topic 5: Security and File Permissions

5.1 Basic Security and Identifying User Types (weight: 2)

5.2 Creating Users and Groups (weight: 2)

5.3 Managing File Permissions and Ownership (weight: 2)

5.4 Special Directories and Files (weight: 1)

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